Division of Hypertension and Vascular Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA.
Department of Chemistry, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, USA.
Free Radic Res. 2021 May;55(5):547-561. doi: 10.1080/10715762.2020.1866756. Epub 2021 Jan 7.
Over 30 million Americans are diagnosed with diabetes and this number is only expected to increase. There are various causes that induce complications with diabetes, including oxidative stress. In oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation-derived reactive carbonyl species such as 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE) is shown to cause damage in organs that leads to diabetic complications. We provided evidence to show that 4-HNE or/and 4-HNE-protein adducts are elevated in various organ systems of diabetic patients and animal models. We then discussed the advantages and disadvantages of different methodologies used for the detection of 4-HNE in diabetic tissues. We also discussed how novel approaches such as electrochemistry and nanotechnology can be used for monitoring 4-HNE levels in biological systems in real-time. Thus, this review enlightens the involvement of 4-HNE in the pathogenesis of diabetes and its complications and efficient methods to identify it. Furthermore, the article presents that 4-HNE can be developed as a biomarker for end-organ damage in diabetes such as diabetic cardiac complications.
超过 3000 万美国人被诊断患有糖尿病，而且这个数字预计只会增加。有多种原因会导致糖尿病并发症，包括氧化应激。在氧化应激中，脂质过氧化衍生的反应性羰基物质，如 4-羟基-2-壬烯醛（4-HNE），被证明会对导致糖尿病并发症的器官造成损伤。我们提供的证据表明，4-HNE 或/和 4-HNE-蛋白质加合物在糖尿病患者和动物模型的各种器官系统中升高。然后，我们讨论了用于检测糖尿病组织中 4-HNE 的不同方法的优缺点。我们还讨论了电化学和纳米技术等新方法如何可用于实时监测生物系统中的 4-HNE 水平。因此，本综述阐明了 4-HNE 在糖尿病及其并发症发病机制中的作用，以及识别它的有效方法。此外，本文还提出 4-HNE 可以开发为糖尿病终末器官损伤的生物标志物，如糖尿病心脏并发症。
