Chair of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, 7 Kopernika Street, 31-034 Krakow, Poland.
Biomolecules. 2022 Jan 16;12(1):145. doi: 10.3390/biom12010145.
4-hydroxy-2,3-trans-nonenal (CHO), also known as 4-hydroxy--nonenal (CHO; HNE) is an α,β-unsaturated hydroxyalkenal. HNE is a major aldehyde, formed in the peroxidation process of ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-6 PUFAs), such as linoleic and arachidonic acid. HNE is not only harmful but also beneficial. In the 1980s, the HNE was regarded as a "toxic product of lipid peroxidation" and the "second toxic messenger of free radicals". However, already at the beginning of the 21st century, HNE was perceived as a reliable marker of oxidative stress, growth modulating factor and signaling molecule. Many literature data also indicate that an elevated level of HNE in blood plasma and cells of the animal and human body is observed in the course of many diseases, including cancer. On the other hand, it is currently proven that cancer cells divert to apoptosis if they are exposed to supraphysiological levels of HNE in the cancer microenvironment. In this review, we briefly summarize the current knowledge about the biological properties of HNE.
4-羟基-2,3-反式-壬烯醛（CHO），也称为 4-羟基-壬烯醛（CHO；HNE），是一种α，β-不饱和羟烯醛。HNE 是一种主要的醛，在 ω-6 多不饱和脂肪酸（ω-6PUFAs）如亚油酸和花生四烯酸的过氧化过程中形成。HNE 不仅有害，而且有益。在 20 世纪 80 年代，HNE 被认为是“脂质过氧化的毒性产物”和“自由基的第二信使”。然而，早在 21 世纪初，HNE 就被认为是氧化应激的可靠标志物、生长调节因子和信号分子。许多文献数据还表明，在包括癌症在内的许多疾病过程中，动物和人体血液血浆和细胞中的 HNE 水平升高。另一方面，目前已经证明，如果癌细胞暴露在癌症微环境中超生理水平的 HNE 下，它们会转向细胞凋亡。在这篇综述中，我们简要总结了 HNE 的生物学特性的最新知识。
