Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Maxillofacial Surgery Research Unit, University "Federico II" of Naples, Naples, Italy.
Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2020 Dec;24(23):12558-12574. doi: 10.26355/eurrev_202012_24053.
The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a viral infection caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which emerged in East Asia and spread around the world from December 2019. The most severe stage of COVID-19 pathology is characterized by respiratory distress requiring intubation. In specific cases, tracheostomy is indicated to ensure the safety of the procedure. The aim of our study was to analyze the scientific literature identifying the indications for tracheostomy and safety precautions to reduce contamination. We analyzed the literature from February 2003 to April 2020, including papers on pandemics of other coronaviruses, such As Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 1 and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus, to obtain a variety of relevant information. We focused on indications for tracheostomy in patients affected by COVID-19 or related viruses and the measures adopted to perform a safe procedure. We included 35 papers, of which 24 (68.57%) discussed guidelines for tracheostomy indications. All 35 studies discussed the procedures for performing tracheostomy safely. Data obtained indicated that the authors generally agreed on safety measures but expressed different opinions about indications. Therefore, we provided guidelines addressing safety recommendations. After the pandemic has been resolved, we plan to conduct an international retrospective study to identify the criteria for tracheostomy indications.
2019 年冠状病毒病（COVID-19）是由严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒 2（SARS-CoV-2）引起的病毒性感染，该病毒于 2019 年 12 月在东亚出现并在全球范围内传播。COVID-19 病理的最严重阶段的特征是需要插管的呼吸窘迫。在特定情况下，需要进行气管切开术以确保手术的安全性。我们的研究目的是分析确定气管切开术适应证和安全预防措施以减少污染的科学文献。我们分析了 2003 年 2 月至 2020 年 4 月的文献，包括有关其他冠状病毒（如严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒 1 和中东呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒）大流行的论文，以获取各种相关信息。我们重点关注 COVID-19 或相关病毒感染患者的气管切开术适应证以及采取的安全措施。我们共纳入 35 篇论文，其中 24 篇（68.57%）讨论了气管切开术适应证的指南。所有 35 项研究都讨论了安全进行气管切开术的程序。所获得的数据表明，作者通常对安全措施达成共识，但对适应证存在不同意见。因此，我们提供了有关安全建议的指南。大流行解决后，我们计划进行一项国际回顾性研究，以确定气管切开术适应证的标准。
