Institute for Automotive Engineering (ika), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
Work. 2021;68(s1):S29-S35. doi: 10.3233/WOR-208003.
The increasing electrification poses new challenges with respect to thermal comfort in vehicle passenger cabins. While conventional air heating with electric heaters is technically possible, it causes significant reductions in the electric driving range.
Two contradicting objectives are to be achieved: Fast heat up to provide thermal comfort and high energy efficiency to maximize the driving range under all conditions.
This apparent area of conflict can be eased by the usage of low temperature radiation reducing the energy intensive heat up of the cabin air. In order to provide high energy efficiency, the emitted radiation should mostly be directed towards relevant body regions of the passengers, resulting in the necessity to redesign the passenger cabin.
A novel approach to redesign and optimize the dashboard and a resulting radiation heating system are presented. In order to reduce computational effort of such an optimization, the complex three-dimensional geometry is sliced into simplified two-dimensional regions which are considered individually. The resulting heating system has been manufactured and integrated into a class A vehicle. Objective thermal comfort measurements as well as subjective comfort ratings have been conducted to validate the simulative approach and the resulting energy savings of approximately 30 %.
The developed approach to achieve a fast time to comfort as well as an increased energy efficiency shows promising results as the heating system based on it cuts performs well considering objective and subjective measurements.
电动汽车的日益普及给车内乘客的热舒适性带来了新的挑战。虽然使用电加热器进行传统的空气加热在技术上是可行的，但会导致电动汽车的行驶里程显著减少。
需要实现两个相互矛盾的目标：快速加热以提供热舒适性，以及高能效以最大化所有条件下的行驶里程。
通过使用低温辐射来降低车内空气的能量密集型加热，可以缓解这一明显的冲突区域。为了提供高能效，发射的辐射应该主要指向乘客的相关身体区域，这导致需要重新设计乘客舱。
提出了一种重新设计和优化仪表板的新方法以及相应的辐射加热系统。为了降低这种优化的计算工作量，将复杂的三维几何形状切成简化的二维区域，并分别考虑这些区域。制造了所得到的加热系统并将其集成到 Class A 车辆中。进行了客观的热舒适性测量以及主观舒适度评估，以验证模拟方法和大约 30%的节能效果。
所开发的实现快速舒适时间和提高能源效率的方法显示出有前景的结果，因为基于该方法的加热系统在考虑到客观和主观测量时表现良好。
