Cigarini Francesco, Schminkel Peer, Sonnekalb Michael, Best Pascal, Göhlich Dietmar
Technische Unversität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 135, Berlin, 10623, Berlin, Germany.
Berliner Verkehrsbetriebe (BVG), Holzmarktstr. 15-17, Berlin, 10179, Berlin, Germany.
Appl Ergon. 2022 Nov;105:103856. doi: 10.1016/j.apergo.2022.103856. Epub 2022 Aug 6.
In electric buses, the heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) system is responsible for up to 50% of the energy consumption, thereby significantly affecting the efficiency. It is therefore necessary to identify improved thermal settings for the bus cabin to minimize the energy consumption, while guaranteeing good thermal comfort. To achieve this goal, this paper presents the results of climatic measurements in an electric bus in Berlin, Germany. These measurements were performed for outer temperatures between 5.3 °C and 7.8 °C and four cabin temperature settings. During the measurements, several climatic parameters and the energy consumption were measured, whereas the thermal comfort (TC) was evaluated via 71 passengers' surveys. The results show that the climatic conditions in the bus vary greatly depending on the position (up to 3 K difference in mean air temperature) and height (up to 8 K/m temperature-to-height ratio). Additionally, the surveys show that the mean value of the thermal comfort parameter TC is minimized to a value of 0.15 (corresponding to "comfortable" thermal perception) for a set temperature of 21 °C, whereas the thermal conditions are perceived as acceptable even with heating off.
在电动巴士中，加热、通风和空调（HVAC）系统的能耗占比高达50%，从而对效率产生显著影响。因此，有必要确定巴士车厢的优化热设置，以在保证良好热舒适性的同时将能耗降至最低。为实现这一目标，本文展示了在德国柏林一辆电动巴士上进行的气候测量结果。这些测量是在外部温度介于5.3°C至7.8°C之间以及四种车厢温度设置下进行的。在测量过程中，测量了多个气候参数和能耗，而热舒适性（TC）则通过对71名乘客的调查进行评估。结果表明，巴士内的气候条件因位置（平均气温相差高达3K）和高度（温度与高度之比高达8K/m）而有很大差异。此外，调查显示，对于21°C的设定温度，热舒适性参数TC的平均值最小化至0.15（对应于“舒适”的热感受），而即使关闭加热，热状况也被认为是可接受的。
