Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana.
Population Council of Ghana, Accra, Ghana.
Afr J AIDS Res. 2020 Dec;19(4):269-275. doi: 10.2989/16085906.2020.1833055.
Globally, there were over 250 000 new HIV infections among adolescents in 2017, with a higher proportion of these in sub-Saharan Africa. In Cameroon, UNICEF estimated over 4 200 new HIV infections in adolescents in 2015; by 2016, there were over 40 000 adolescents who had HIV. Given that the number of adolescents living with HIV in Cameroon is on the increase, there is a need to better understand the factors influencing adherence to treatment. The objective of this study was to assess the factors associated with adherence among adolescents in Cameroon. A cross-sectional study was conducted. A total of 460 HIV+ adolescents who were receiving antiretroviral therapy were sampled randomly from nine health facilities. Questionnaires and data extraction forms were used to collect data. Descriptive (frequencies and proportions) and inferential (chi-square and multivariate logistic regression) statistical analyses methods were used to analyse the data. Statistical significance was set at = 0.05 and 95% confidence level. The level of adherence to antiretroviral therapy among the adolescents was 83%. Twelve out of 30 independent variables examined showed significant statistical association with adherence at the bivariate level. In the multivariable logistic regression analyses, however, only two variables significantly predicted adherence - experiencing side effects (AOR = 2.63; 95% CI = 1.14, 6.09; = 0.02), and internalized stigma (AOR = 2.51; 95% CI = 1.04, 6.04; = 0.04). Adherence to treatment among adolescents in Cameroon was found to be suboptimal. There is a need for more individualized, targeted medication counselling for adolescents and their guardians as well as strategies to reduce internalized stigma and improve adherence to antiretroviral treatment.
全球范围内，2017 年有超过 25 万例青少年新感染艾滋病毒，其中撒哈拉以南非洲地区的比例更高。在喀麦隆，联合国儿童基金会估计 2015 年有超过 4200 例青少年新感染艾滋病毒；到 2016 年，已有超过 4 万名青少年感染艾滋病毒。鉴于喀麦隆感染艾滋病毒的青少年人数不断增加，有必要更好地了解影响治疗依从性的因素。本研究的目的是评估喀麦隆青少年治疗依从性的相关因素。这是一项横断面研究。共从 9 个卫生机构中随机抽取了 460 名正在接受抗逆转录病毒治疗的 HIV+青少年。使用问卷和数据提取表收集数据。采用描述性（频率和比例）和推断性（卡方和多变量逻辑回归）统计分析方法分析数据。统计显著性设定为 = 0.05 和 95%置信水平。青少年抗逆转录病毒治疗的依从率为 83%。在单变量水平上，30 个独立变量中有 12 个与依从性有显著统计学关联。然而，在多变量逻辑回归分析中，只有两个变量显著预测了依从性——出现副作用（AOR = 2.63；95%CI = 1.14, 6.09； = 0.02）和内化污名（AOR = 2.51；95%CI = 1.04, 6.04； = 0.04）。喀麦隆青少年的治疗依从性不理想。需要为青少年及其监护人提供更多个性化、有针对性的药物咨询，以及减少内化污名和提高抗逆转录病毒治疗依从性的策略。
