Department of Health Management and Policy, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
Am J Prev Med. 2021 Feb;60(2):159-168. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2020.08.022. Epub 2020 Dec 15.
The objective of this study is to examine how allostatic load, a multidimensional measure of the body's cumulative response to stressors experienced throughout the life course, has changed over time and by age among U.S.- and foreign-born Whites, Blacks, and Latinx.
Data were from 26,818 adult participants in the 2005-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, a national repeated cross-sectional study. Allostatic load was measured based on 10 indicators of cardiovascular, metabolic, and immunologic risk. The analyses were conducted in March 2020.
Allostatic load increased over time across all groups. The difference between the first and last survey cycle was greatest among U.S.-born Black women (from 2.74 in 2005-2006 to 3.02 in 2017-2018), U.S.-born Latino men (from 2.69 to 3.09) and foreign-born Latino men (from 2.58 to 2.87). Aging gradients in allostatic load were steepest among foreign-born Blacks of both genders and foreign-born Latina women and flattest among U.S.-born and foreign-born Whites.
Chronic exposure to stressors leads to an erosion of health that is particularly severe among foreign-born Blacks and Latinx. Policies should seek to reduce exposure to structural and environmental risks and to ensure equitable opportunities to achieve optimal health among racial/ethnic minorities and immigrants.
本研究旨在考察美国和外国出生的白种人、黑人和拉丁裔人群一生中经历的压力源对身体的累积反应的多维度衡量指标——身体压力负荷（allostatic load）是如何随时间和年龄变化的。
数据来自于 2005 年至 2018 年全国健康和营养调查（National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey）的 26818 名成年参与者，这是一项全国性的重复横断面研究。身体压力负荷基于心血管、代谢和免疫风险的 10 项指标进行测量。分析于 2020 年 3 月进行。
所有群体的身体压力负荷随时间增加。美国出生的黑人群体中，从第一个和最后一个调查周期的差异最大（从 2005-2006 年的 2.74 到 2017-2018 年的 3.02），其次是美国出生的拉丁裔男性（从 2.69 到 3.09）和外国出生的拉丁裔男性（从 2.58 到 2.87）。身体压力负荷的老龄化梯度在两性外国出生的黑人和外国出生的拉丁裔女性中最为陡峭，而在美国出生和外国出生的白人群体中则最为平坦。
慢性暴露于压力源会导致健康受到侵蚀，而这种情况在外国出生的黑人和拉丁裔中尤为严重。政策应寻求减少结构性和环境风险的暴露，并确保为少数族裔和移民提供公平的机会，以实现最佳健康。
