Department of Built Environment, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA.
Environmental Health and Disease Laboratory, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Aug 1;19(15):9438. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19159438.
Objectives: The aim of this study was to examine the association of per- and polyfluoroalkyl (PFAS) concentrations and allostatic load (AL) by the county of birth and the length of time in the United States of America (U.S.), in a representative sample of U.S. adults. Methods: Data from the 2007−2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were used in this cross-sectional study on the U.S. adults aged 20 and older. The analysis was stratified by the length of time in the U.S. and by the county of birth. In all, the sample contained those who were US-born (n = 10,264), Mexico-born (n = 4018), other Spanish speaking country-born (n = 2989), and other not−Hispanic speaking country-born (n = 3911). Poisson models were used to assess the differences in AL and PFAS levels depending on country of birth and length of time in the U.S. Results: Estimates indicated that those born in Other non−Spanish speaking counties had the highest PFAS levels among the country of birth category in the database. Regarding length of time in the U.S., those born in Mexico had low PFAS levels when their length of time in the U.S. was short. The Mexico-born category presented the most at-risk high serum PFAS levels, with AL levels increasing by length of time in the U.S. (p-value < 0.001). Conclusion: This study found that PFAS concentrations increased by the length of time residing in the U.S. Those born in other non−Hispanic counties had the highest PFAS levels among all the categories. In general, AL and PFAS levels are mostly associated with the length of time in the U.S., with foreign-born individuals having increased levels of both the longer they stay.
本研究旨在通过出生县和留美时间，研究全氟和多氟烷基物质（PFAS）浓度与身体应激（AL）的相关性，该研究对象为美国成年人的代表性样本。
本横断面研究使用了 2007-2014 年全国健康和营养调查（NHANES）的数据，研究对象为年龄在 20 岁及以上的美国成年人。分析按留美时间和出生县进行分层。该样本包括美国出生者（n=10264）、墨西哥出生者（n=4018）、其他西班牙语国家出生者（n=2989）和其他非西班牙语国家出生者（n=3911）。采用泊松模型评估 AL 和 PFAS 水平因出生国和留美时间不同而产生的差异。
研究结果表明，在出生国分类中，其他非西班牙语国家出生者的 PFAS 水平最高。关于留美时间，墨西哥出生者留美时间较短时，PFAS 水平较低。墨西哥出生者的高血清 PFAS 水平风险最高，随着留美时间的增加，AL 水平也随之升高（p 值<0.001）。
本研究发现，PFAS 浓度随留美时间的增加而升高。在所有类别中，其他非西班牙裔出生者的 PFAS 水平最高。总的来说，AL 和 PFAS 水平主要与留美时间有关，出生于国外的个体留美时间越长，两者水平越高。
