Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericulture Biology and Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, People's Republic of China.
Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericulture Biology and Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, People's Republic of China.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2021 Feb;209:111759. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111759. Epub 2020 Dec 17.
Ionic liquids (ILs) have been reported to be a potential water and soil pollutant, whose toxicity has gained much attention in recent years. In this work, silkworm larvae were used as a novel in vivo model to assess the biotoxicity of ILs, which were performed by three steps. The first step was to determine the susceptibility of different silkworm strains to ILs. Data showed that Jingsong×haoyue was the most susceptible one among three silkworm strains (Jingsong×haoyue, P50, and Yi16) for evaluating the biological effects of ILs. The second step was to compare the toxicity of ILs with different structures using the larvae of Jingsong×haoyue. It was found that three representative ILs, 1-octyl-3-methylimidazole chloride ([Cmim]Cl), N-octyl-3-methylpyridine chloride ([Cmpy]Cl), and 1-octyl-3-methylimidazole tetrafluoroborate ([Cmim]BF), had significant toxic effects on the growth and development of the larvae with 24 h median lethal concentration (24 h-LC) values of 112.3, 156.3, and 68.9 μg g, respectively, indicating that the types of anions and cations had impacts on the toxicity of ILs. The last step was targeted at investigating responses of the larvae to the exposure of ILs. It was observed that remarkable physiological and biochemical responses occurred in different tissues of the larvae. For example, activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and peroxidase (POD) in different tissues increased significantly to form an active protective mechanism for alleviating the toxic effects of ILs. Additionally, an increase of malondialdehyde (MDA) contents was found in the larvae. The data suggested that ILs could induce lipid peroxidation and cellular damage, which may be the main reason for toxicity of ILs to the larvae. Therefore, silkworm larvae could be used as a susceptible and reliable in vivo model to evaluate the toxicity of ILs, and the results are helpful to reveal their toxic mechanism to insects.
离子液体 (ILs) 已被报道为一种潜在的水和土壤污染物，其毒性近年来受到了广泛关注。在这项工作中，我们使用家蚕幼虫作为一种新型的体内模型来评估 ILs 的生物毒性，该模型通过三个步骤进行。第一步是确定不同家蚕品系对 ILs 的敏感性。数据显示，在三种家蚕品系（Jingsong×haoyue、P50 和 Yi16）中，Jingsong×haoyue 对评估 ILs 的生物效应最为敏感。第二步是使用 Jingsong×haoyue 幼虫比较不同结构的 ILs 的毒性。结果发现，三种代表性的 ILs，1-辛基-3-甲基咪唑氯 ([Cmim]Cl)、N-辛基-3-甲基吡啶氯 ([Cmpy]Cl) 和 1-辛基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐 ([Cmim]BF)，对幼虫的生长发育有显著的毒性作用，24 小时半数致死浓度 (24 h-LC) 值分别为 112.3、156.3 和 68.9 μg/g，表明阴阳离子的类型对 ILs 的毒性有影响。第三步是针对幼虫暴露于 ILs 时的反应进行研究。结果观察到，幼虫的不同组织中发生了显著的生理和生化反应。例如，不同组织中超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)、过氧化氢酶 (CAT) 和过氧化物酶 (POD) 的活性显著增加，形成了一种活跃的保护机制，以减轻 ILs 的毒性作用。此外，还发现幼虫中丙二醛 (MDA) 含量增加。这些数据表明，ILs 可以诱导脂质过氧化和细胞损伤，这可能是 ILs 对幼虫毒性的主要原因。因此，家蚕幼虫可以作为一种敏感可靠的体内模型来评估 ILs 的毒性，研究结果有助于揭示其对昆虫的毒性机制。
