Simaitis Sarah, Schulte-Körne Benedikt, Schiffer Thorsten, Bloch Wilhelm, Predel Hans-Georg, Brixius Klara, Brinkmann Christian
Department of Molecular and Cellular Sport Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sport Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
Department of Preventive and Rehabilitative Sport Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sport Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
Front Physiol. 2020 Dec 3;11:599651. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2020.599651. eCollection 2020.
Physical training can improve glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, the underlying mechanisms are not entirely clear. An interesting piece of the puzzle could be the regulation of micro-RNAs (miRNAs). They are important modulators of protein expression. Some miRNAs were found to be both linked to poor glycemic control/insulin resistance (with evidence from and/or studies) and dysregulated in the skeletal muscle of T2DM patients. This pilot study examines whether a 3-month endurance training program [three times a week, 70-80% peak heart rate (HR)] can down-regulate their levels in T2DM men ( = 7). One skeletal muscle biopsy sample was obtained from each patient at T1 (6 weeks pre-intervention), one at T2 (1 week pre-intervention) and one at T3 (3-4 days post-intervention). miRNA-27a-3p, -29a-3p, -29b-3p, -29c-3p, -106b-5p, -135a-5p, -143-3p, -144-3p, -194-5p, and - 206 levels were determined by RT-qPCR. Friedman ANOVA and post-hoc tests showed that miRNA-29b-3p, -29c-3p and -135a-5p levels were significantly reduced post-training (T3 vs. T2 and/or T1). Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and HOMA insulin resistance index did not change significantly. However, HbA1c was reduced in 6 of 7 patients post-training. Furthermore, Spearman's rank correlation analyses with all values from all time points showed significant negative associations between miRNA-29c-3p, -106b-5p, -144-3p and -194-5p levels and cardiorespiratory fitness (VO). The study results imply that regular exercise and improving one's physical fitness is helpful for the regulation of skeletal muscle miRNAs in T2DM patients. Whether or not changes in the miRNA profile can affect the clinical situation of T2DM patients warrants further research.
体育锻炼可以改善2型糖尿病（T2DM）患者的血糖控制。然而，其潜在机制尚不完全清楚。谜题中有趣的一部分可能是微小RNA（miRNA）的调节。它们是蛋白质表达的重要调节因子。一些miRNA被发现既与血糖控制不佳/胰岛素抵抗有关（有来自[具体研究1]和/或[具体研究2]的证据），又在T2DM患者的骨骼肌中失调。这项初步研究调查了一项为期3个月的耐力训练计划[每周三次，心率峰值（HR）的70 - 80%]是否能下调T2DM男性患者（n = 7）体内这些miRNA的水平。在T1（干预前6周）、T2（干预前1周）和T3（干预后3 - 4天）分别从每位患者获取一份骨骼肌活检样本。通过逆转录定量聚合酶链反应（RT - qPCR）测定miRNA - 27a - 3p、- 29a - 3p、- 29b - 3p、- 29c - 3p、- 106b - 5p、- 135a - 5p、- 143 - 3p、- 144 - 3p、- 194 - 5p和- 206的水平。弗里德曼方差分析和事后检验表明，训练后miRNA - 29b - 3p、- 29c - 3p和- 135a - 5p的水平显著降低（T3与T2和/或T1相比）。糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）和稳态模型评估胰岛素抵抗指数没有显著变化。然而，7名患者中有6名在训练后HbA1c降低。此外，对所有时间点的所有值进行的斯皮尔曼等级相关分析表明，miRNA - 29c - 3p、- 106b - 5p、- 144 - 3p和- 194 - 5p的水平与心肺适能（VO）之间存在显著的负相关。研究结果表明，规律运动和提高身体素质有助于调节T2DM患者骨骼肌中的miRNA。miRNA谱改变是否会影响T2DM患者的临床状况值得进一步研究。
