Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The Fourth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The Fourth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
Biomed Pharmacother. 2019 Mar;111:657-665. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.12.123. Epub 2019 Jan 3.
A microRNA (miRNA) is a single-stranded, small and non-coding RNA molecule that contains 20-25 nucleotides. More than 2000 miRNAs have been identified in human genes since the first miRNA was discovered in Caenorhabditis elegans in the early 1990s. miRNAs play a crucial role in various biological processes by regulating gene expression through post-transcriptional mechanisms. The alterations of their levels are associated with various diseases, such as glucometabolic disorder and lipid metabolism disorder. In recent years, miRNAs have been proved to be involved in regulating the functions of pancreatic β-cells, insulin resistance and other biological behaviors related to glucometabolic disorder and the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus (DM). This review summarized specific miRNAs, including miRNA-375 (miR-375), miRNA-155 (miR-155), miRNA-21 (miR-21), miRNA-33 (miR-33), the let-7 family and some other miRNAs related to glucometabolic regulation, introduced the obstacles and challenges in miRNA therapy, and discussed the prospect of new treatment methods for glucometabolic disorder.
微小 RNA（miRNA）是一种单链、小且非编码的 RNA 分子，包含 20-25 个核苷酸。自 20 世纪 90 年代初在秀丽隐杆线虫中首次发现 miRNA 以来，在人类基因中已鉴定出超过 2000 种 miRNA。miRNA 通过转录后机制调节基因表达，在各种生物学过程中发挥着至关重要的作用。它们水平的改变与各种疾病有关，如糖代谢紊乱和脂质代谢紊乱。近年来，miRNA 已被证明参与调节胰腺β细胞的功能、胰岛素抵抗和与糖代谢紊乱及糖尿病（DM）发病机制相关的其他生物学行为。本综述总结了特定的 miRNA，包括 miRNA-375（miR-375）、miRNA-155（miR-155）、miRNA-21（miR-21）、miRNA-33（miR-33）、let-7 家族和一些其他与糖代谢调节相关的 miRNA，介绍了 miRNA 治疗中的障碍和挑战，并讨论了糖代谢紊乱新治疗方法的前景。
