Gómez Luz Amparo, De Avila Juliette, Castillo Diana Marcela, Montenegro Daniel Antonio, Trujillo Tammy Gorety, Suárez Lina J, Lafaurie Gloria Inés
Unit of Basic Oral Investigations-UIBO, School of Dentistry, Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia.
Cellular and Molecular Immunology Group, School of Dentistry, Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia.
Front Microbiol. 2020 Dec 2;11:591626. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.591626. eCollection 2020.
The microbiome modulates inflammation at the fetal maternal interface on both term and preterm labor. Inflammophilic oral bacteria, such as , as well as urogenital microorganisms (UGM) could translocate to the placenta and activate immune mechanisms in decidual tissue that is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes (APO). This study establishes the associations between the presence of microbes in the placenta and placental cytokine patterns in women who presented APO, e.g., low birth weight (LBW), preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM), preterm birth (PTB) and other clinical signs related to Chorioamnionitis (CA). A total of 40 pregnant women were included in the study and divided into five groups according to placental infection (PI) and APO, as follows: (1) women without PI and without APO ( = 17), (2) women with -related PI and APO ( = 5), (3) women with -related PI and without APO ( = 4), (4) women with PI related to UGM and APO ( = 5) and (5) women without PI with APO ( = 9). Obstetric, clinical periodontal status evaluation, and subgingival plaque sampling were performed at the time of delivery. Placental levels of interleukin IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, IL-15, IL-17A, IL-17F, IL-21, IL-12p70, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 α (MCP-1α), granzyme B, and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) were determined using a multiplex flow cytometry assay. All patients showed a predominant Th-1 cytokine profile related to labor, characterized by IFN-γ overexpression. The analysis by groups suggests that Th-1 profile was trending to maintain cytotoxic cell activity by the expression of IL-15 and granzyme B, except for the group with -related PI and APO, which exhibited a reduction of IL-10 and IL-17F cytokines ( < 0.05) and a Th-1 profile favoring macrophage activation by MCP-1 production ( < 0.05). This study confirms a pro-inflammatory pattern associated with labor, characterized by a Th-1 profile and the activity of cytotoxic cells, which is enhanced by PI with UGM. However, PI associated with suggests a switch where the Th-1 profile favors an inflammatory response mediated by MCP-1 and macrophage activity as a mechanistic explanation of its possible relationship with adverse outcomes in pregnancy.
微生物群在足月和早产时调节胎儿-母体界面的炎症。嗜炎性口腔细菌，如 ，以及泌尿生殖微生物（UGM）可转移至胎盘并激活蜕膜组织中的免疫机制，这与不良妊娠结局（APO）相关。本研究确定了出现APO（如低出生体重（LBW）、胎膜早破（PPROM）、早产（PTB）以及与绒毛膜羊膜炎（CA）相关的其他临床体征）的女性胎盘微生物存在与胎盘细胞因子模式之间的关联。共有40名孕妇纳入本研究，并根据胎盘感染（PI）和APO分为五组，如下：（1）无PI且无APO的女性（ = 17），（2）与 相关的PI和APO的女性（ = 5），（3）与 相关的PI且无APO的女性（ = 4），（4）与UGM相关的PI和APO的女性（ = 5），以及（5）无PI但有APO的女性（ = 9）。在分娩时进行产科检查、临床牙周状况评估和龈下菌斑采样。使用多重流式细胞术测定胎盘白细胞介素IL-1β、IL-6、IL-10、IL-15、IL-17A、IL-17F、IL-21、IL-12p70、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、单核细胞趋化蛋白-1α（MCP-1α）、颗粒酶B和干扰素-γ（IFN-γ）的水平。所有患者均表现出与分娩相关的以IFN-γ过表达为特征的主要Th-1细胞因子谱。分组分析表明，除了与 相关的PI和APO组，Th-1谱倾向于通过IL-15和颗粒酶B的表达维持细胞毒性细胞活性，该组表现出IL-10和IL-17F细胞因子减少（ < 0.05），以及通过MCP-1产生有利于巨噬细胞激活的Th-1谱（ < 0.05）。本研究证实了与分娩相关的促炎模式，其特征为Th-1谱和细胞毒性细胞的活性，UGM引起的PI会增强这种模式。然而，与 相关的PI表明存在一种转变，即Th-1谱有利于由MCP-1介导的炎症反应和巨噬细胞活性，作为其与妊娠不良结局可能关系的机制性解释。
