Advanced Eye Centre, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
Front Immunol. 2020 Dec 3;11:610428. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.610428. eCollection 2020.
The diseases affecting the retina or uvea (iris, ciliary body, or choroid) generate changes in the biochemical or protein composition of ocular fluids/tissues due to disruption of blood-retinal barrier. Ocular infections and inflammations are sight-threatening diseases associated with various infectious and non-infectious etiologies. Several etiological entities cause uveitis, a complex intraocular inflammatory disease. These causes of uveitis differ in different populations due to geographical, racial, and socioeconomic variations. While clinical appearance is sufficiently diagnostic in many diseases, some of the uveitic entities manifest nonspecific or atypical clinical presentation. Identification of biomarkers in such diseases is an important aid in their diagnostic armamentarium. Different diseases and their different severity states release varying concentrations of proteins, which can serve as biomarkers. Proteomics is a high throughput technology and a powerful screening tool for serum biomarkers in various diseases that identifies proteins by mass spectrometry and helps to improve the understanding of pathogenesis of a disease. Proteins determine the biological state of a cell. Once identified as biomarkers, they serve as future diagnostic and pharmaceutical targets. With a potential to redirect the diagnosis of idiopathic uveitis, ocular proteomics provide a new insight into the pathophysiology and therapeutics of various ocular inflammatory diseases. Tears, aqueous and vitreous humor represent potential repositories for proteomic biomarkers discovery in uveitis. With an extensive proteomics work done on animal models of uveitis, various types of human uveitis are being subjected to proteome analysis for biomarker discovery in different ocular fluids (vitreous, aqueous, or tears).
影响视网膜或葡萄膜（虹膜、睫状体或脉络膜）的疾病会由于血视网膜屏障的破坏而导致眼内液/组织的生化或蛋白质组成发生变化。眼部感染和炎症是与各种感染和非感染病因相关的威胁视力的疾病。一些病因会引起葡萄膜炎，这是一种复杂的眼内炎症性疾病。由于地理、种族和社会经济差异，这些葡萄膜炎的病因在不同人群中有所不同。虽然在许多疾病中，临床表现足以做出诊断，但一些葡萄膜炎的表现是非特异性或非典型的。在这些疾病中识别生物标志物是其诊断工具包中的重要辅助手段。不同的疾病及其不同的严重程度会释放出不同浓度的蛋白质，这些蛋白质可以作为生物标志物。蛋白质组学是一种高通量技术，也是各种疾病血清生物标志物的强大筛选工具，它通过质谱法来识别蛋白质，并有助于加深对疾病发病机制的理解。蛋白质决定了细胞的生物学状态。一旦被确定为生物标志物，它们就成为未来的诊断和药物靶点。由于有可能重新定义特发性葡萄膜炎的诊断，眼部蛋白质组学为各种眼部炎症性疾病的病理生理学和治疗学提供了新的见解。眼泪、房水和玻璃体代表了葡萄膜炎生物标志物发现的潜在储存库。由于在葡萄膜炎的动物模型上进行了广泛的蛋白质组学研究，各种类型的人类葡萄膜炎也正在进行蛋白质组分析，以在不同的眼内液（玻璃体、房水或眼泪）中发现生物标志物。
