Mulugeta Hailemichael, Tefera Yifokire, Abegaz Teferi, Thygerson Steven M
College of Health Science, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia.
School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
J Environ Public Health. 2020 Dec 3;2020:1587654. doi: 10.1155/2020/1587654. eCollection 2020.
Unintentional injuries are a public health problem throughout the world including Africa. Most of the injury studies in Ethiopia are from the healthcare facility or workplace that does not reflect the problem at the community level. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the unintentional injuries and sociodemographic factors among households in Ethiopia.
This study was done from the Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey conducted in 2016. The survey collected information about unintentional injuries and injury mechanisms in the past 12 months among 16,650 households. The selection of households was from nine regions and two city administrations of Ethiopia using a stratified cluster sampling procedure. Descriptive statistics were used to characterize the data and the chi-square test was applied as a test of significance and a value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Of the 16,650 households that participated in the study, 394 (2.4%) reported that at least one household member suffered from an unintentional injury in the past 12 months. The leading mechanisms of injury were unintentional falls (152 falls, 33.2%) and road traffic incidents (96 incidents, 21.0%). Among household members who were injured, 84.3% survived and 15.7% died because of the injury. Divorce marital status of the household head [AOR: 2.12, 95% CI (1.12-4.41)] and family size of the household ≥ 6 [AOR:1.65, 95% CI (1.21-2.26)] were associated with high likelihood of occurrence of an injury, while lowest household wealth index [AOR: 0.69, 95% CI (0.50-0.95)] was protective against injuries.
A low prevalence of unintentional injury was found from the community in this survey, which might be due to the tendency of the community to report severe injuries. Fall and road traffic accidents were the leading mechanisms of selected sociodemographic factors of the households that were associated with unintentional injuries. Injury prevention efforts should focus on falls and transportation injuries with special attention to the sociodemographic context of the communities.
意外伤害是包括非洲在内的全球公共卫生问题。埃塞俄比亚的大多数伤害研究来自医疗机构或工作场所，并未反映社区层面的问题。因此，本研究旨在评估埃塞俄比亚家庭中的意外伤害及社会人口学因素。
本研究基于2016年进行的埃塞俄比亚人口与健康调查。该调查收集了16650户家庭在过去12个月内有关意外伤害及伤害机制的信息。家庭选取采用分层整群抽样程序，来自埃塞俄比亚的九个地区和两个市辖区。描述性统计用于描述数据特征，卡方检验用作显著性检验，P值<0.05被认为具有统计学意义。
在参与研究的16650户家庭中，394户（2.4%）报告称在过去12个月中至少有一名家庭成员遭受意外伤害。主要伤害机制为意外跌倒（152次跌倒，33.2%）和道路交通事件（96起事件，21.0%）。在受伤的家庭成员中，84.3%存活，15.7%因伤死亡。户主的离婚婚姻状况[AOR：2.12，95%CI（1.12 - 4.41）]以及家庭规模≥6人[AOR：1.65，95%CI（1.21 - 2.26）]与伤害发生的高可能性相关，而最低家庭财富指数[AOR：0.69，95%CI（0.50 - 0.95）]对伤害具有保护作用。
本次调查发现社区中意外伤害的患病率较低，这可能是由于社区倾向于报告重伤。跌倒和道路交通事故是与意外伤害相关的家庭选定社会人口学因素的主要机制。伤害预防工作应侧重于跌倒和交通伤害，并特别关注社区的社会人口学背景。
