埃塞俄比亚道路交通事故相关伤害和死亡的严重程度。
Magnitude of road traffic accident related injuries and fatalities in Ethiopia.
机构信息
School of Public Health, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
School of Public Health, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia.
出版信息
PLoS One. 2019 Jan 29;14(1):e0202240. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0202240. eCollection 2019.
BACKGROUND
In many developing countries there is paucity of evidence regarding the epidemiology of road traffic accidents (RTAs). The study determines the rates of injuries and fatalities associated with RTAs in Ethiopia based on the data of a recent national survey.
METHODS
The study is based on the secondary data of the Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey conducted in 2016. The survey collected information about occurrence injuries and accidents including RTAs in the past 12 months among 75,271 members of 16,650 households. Households were selected from nine regions and two city administrations of Ethiopia using stratified cluster sampling procedure.
RESULTS
Of the 75,271 household members enumerated, 123 encountered RTAs in the reference period and rate of RTA-related injury was 163 (95% confidence interval (CI): 136-195) per 100,000 population. Of the 123 causalities, 28 were fatal, making the fatality rate 37 (95% CI: 25-54) per 100,000 population. The RTA-related injuries and fatalities per 100,000 motor vehicles were estimated as 21,681 (95% CI: 18,090-25,938) and 4,922 (95% CI: 3325-7183), respectively. Next to accidental falls, RTAs were the second most common form of accidents and injuries accounting for 22.8% of all such incidents. RTAs contributed to 43.8% of all fatalities secondary to accidents and injuries. Among RTA causalities, 21.9% were drivers, 35.0% were passenger vehicle occupants and 36.0% were vulnerable road users including: motorcyclists (21.0%), pedestrians (12.1%) and cyclists (2.9%). Approximately half (47.1%) of the causalities were between 15-29 years of age and 15.3% were either minors younger than 15 years or seniors older than 64 years of age. Nearly two-thirds (65.0%) of the victims were males.
CONCLUSION
RTA-related causalities are extremely high in Ethiopia. Male young adults and vulnerable road users are at increased risk of RTAs. There is a urgent need for bringing road safety to the country's public health agenda.
背景
在许多发展中国家，有关道路交通伤害（RTAs）的流行病学证据不足。本研究根据最近的一项全国性调查数据，确定了埃塞俄比亚与 RTAs 相关的伤害和死亡发生率。
方法
本研究基于 2016 年进行的埃塞俄比亚人口与健康调查的二手数据。该调查收集了过去 12 个月中 75271 名 16650 户家庭成员的伤害和事故信息，包括 RTAs。家庭是通过分层聚类抽样程序从埃塞俄比亚的 9 个地区和 2 个城市行政区中选出的。
结果
在被列举的 75271 户家庭中，有 123 户在参考期内发生了 RTAs，RTA 相关伤害发生率为每 10 万人中有 163 人（95%置信区间（CI）：136-195）。在 123 例死亡病例中，有 28 例死亡，死亡率为每 10 万人中有 37 人（95%CI：25-54）。每 10 万辆机动车的 RTA 相关伤害和死亡人数估计分别为 21681（95%CI：18090-25938）和 4922（95%CI：3325-7183）。仅次于意外跌倒，RTAs 是第二常见的事故和伤害形式，占所有此类事件的 22.8%。RTAs 导致所有事故和伤害导致的死亡的 43.8%。在 RTA 死亡病例中，21.9%为驾驶员，35.0%为乘用车乘客，36.0%为弱势道路使用者，包括：摩托车手（21.0%）、行人和骑自行车的人（12.1%）和（2.9%）。大约一半（47.1%）的死亡病例年龄在 15-29 岁之间，15.3%为 15 岁以下的未成年人或 64 岁以上的老年人。近三分之二（65.0%）的受害者为男性。
结论
埃塞俄比亚与 RTA 相关的死亡人数极高。年轻男性和弱势道路使用者发生 RTAs 的风险增加。迫切需要将道路安全纳入该国的公共卫生议程。
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