Mendes Suellen de Lima, Ribeiro Isabella Lima Arrais, de Castro Ricardo Dias, Filgueiras Vitor Marques, Ramos Tânia Braga, Lacerda Rosa Helena Wanderley
Brazilian Dental Association, University Hospital Lauro Wanderley, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil.
Graduate Program in Dentistry, University Hospital Lauro Wanderley, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil.
Dent Res J (Isfahan). 2020 Sep 7;17(5):388-394. eCollection 2020 Sep-Oct.
Anterior open bite (AOB) is noteworthy because it is a complex dysplasia, and clinical studies on this malocclusion are usually epidemiological studies or experimental models with small samples and no control group, which renders the data on AOB incomplete and therefore inconclusive. The objective this study was to assess the risk factors involved in developing AOB.
A case-control study was provided with a total of 96 lateral cephalometric radiographs of male and female patients aged between 8 and 14 years were used, regardless of facial type. The dependent variable was the presence or absence of AOB, which divided the participants into case and control groups, respectively; these groups were matched for gender and age. The case and control groups data were analyzed by descriptive and inferential analysis by binary logistic regression using at the 5% significance level.
The occurrence of AOB was associated with the presence of deleterious oral habits ( = 0.014; Chi-square test) and was approximately three times (odds ratio = 3.04) more likely to occur in participants with AOB. No significant association between the presence of mouth breathing and the occurrence of AOB was found ( = 0.151; Chi-square test). The odds associated with tongue interposition were 10.51 times higher than those of participants with no such deglutition. The odds associated with the dolichofacial pattern were 5.74 times those of participants with a nondolichofacial pattern.
Tongue interposition and dolichocephalic facial pattern were risk factors for developing AOB.
前牙开颌（AOB）是一种复杂的发育异常，值得关注。关于这种错牙合畸形的临床研究通常是流行病学研究或小样本且无对照组的实验模型，这使得有关AOB的数据不完整，因此缺乏定论。本研究的目的是评估AOB发生的危险因素。
进行了一项病例对照研究，共使用了96张8至14岁男性和女性患者的头颅侧位X线片，不考虑面部类型。因变量是AOB的有无，据此将参与者分别分为病例组和对照组；这些组在性别和年龄上进行了匹配。通过描述性分析和二元逻辑回归的推断性分析对病例组和对照组的数据进行分析，显著性水平设定为5%。
AOB的发生与不良口腔习惯有关（P = 0.014；卡方检验），AOB患者发生AOB的可能性约为三倍（优势比 = 3.04）。未发现口呼吸与AOB发生之间存在显著关联（P = 0.151；卡方检验）。与舌插入相关的优势比是无此类吞咽习惯参与者的10.51倍。与长面型相关的优势比是非长面型参与者的5.74倍。
舌插入和长头型面部模式是AOB发生的危险因素。
