运动范围、髋肩间距与投球运动学之间的关系
THE RELATIONSHIP OF RANGE OF MOTION, HIP SHOULDER SEPARATION, AND PITCHING KINEMATICS.
作者信息
Bullock Garrett S, Strahm Jeff, Hulburt Tessa C, Beck Edward C, Waterman Brian R, Nicholson Kristen F
机构信息
Department of Athletics Wake Forest University Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
出版信息
Int J Sports Phys Ther. 2020 Dec;15(6):1119-1128. doi: 10.26603/ijspt20201119.
BACKGROUND
When pitching a baseball, pelvic and trunk pitching kinematics play an integral role in momentum transfer from the lower extremity to the upper extremity. However, it is unknown how hip and trunk ROM and hip shoulder separation interplay with pelvic and trunk pitching kinematics.
HYPOTHESIS/PURPOSE: To determine the relationship between clinical trunk and hip range of motion (ROM) and pitching biomechanical pelvis and trunk kinematics, and kinematic sequencing.
STUDY DESIGN
Controlled biomechanical study.
METHODS
High school pitchers were assessed for trunk rotation via motion capture and hip ROM via a goniometer prior to pitching. Trunk rotation was designated as dominant and non-dominant sides, and hips as stance and lead limbs. Pitchers threw four fastballs during three dimensional biomechanical assessment. Spearman's Rho correlations were performed between trunk and hip ROM, and trunk and hip biomechanical kinematics, and kinematic pitching sequence.
RESULTS
Thirty-two pitchers (mean age: 16.3 ± 1.2 years, height = 184.0 ± 6.9 cm, mass = 76.8 ± 20.8 kg) were included in this study. Their mean pitch velocity was 34.7 ± 2.3 m/s, peak pelvis rotation velocity: 669.1 ± 95.5 deg/s, and peak trunk rotation velocity: 1084.7 ± 93.0 deg/s. There were no differences between dominant and non-dominant side trunk rotation, or between stance and lead hip ROM. There were no significant relationships between trunk or hip ROM and pitching kinematics. There was a significant relationship between hip shoulder separation and peak trunk rotation velocity (r = 0.390, p=0.027). There was a significant relationship between pitch velocity and peak trunk rotation velocity (r = 0.478, p = 0.006). There were no other significant relationships between pitching kinematics or kinematic sequencing.
CONCLUSION
Hip shoulder separation is related to trunk rotation velocity, and ultimately pitch velocity. These ROM measurements can be used as normative values for hip shoulder separation in high school pitchers.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
背景
投棒球时，骨盆和躯干的投球运动学在动量从下肢向上肢的传递中起着不可或缺的作用。然而，尚不清楚髋关节和躯干的活动范围（ROM）以及髋肩间距如何与骨盆和躯干的投球运动学相互作用。
假设/目的：确定临床中躯干和髋关节活动范围（ROM）与投球生物力学中骨盆和躯干运动学以及运动学顺序之间的关系。
研究设计
对照生物力学研究。
方法
在投球前，通过动作捕捉评估高中投手的躯干旋转情况，并通过角度计评估髋关节活动范围（ROM）。将躯干旋转分为优势侧和非优势侧，将髋关节分为支撑腿和引导腿。投手在三维生物力学评估中投掷四个快球。对躯干和髋关节活动范围（ROM）、躯干和髋关节生物力学运动学以及投球运动学顺序进行斯皮尔曼等级相关分析。
结果
本研究纳入了32名投手（平均年龄：16.3±1.2岁，身高 = 184.0±6.9厘米，体重 = 76.8±20.8千克）。他们的平均投球速度为34.7±2.3米/秒，骨盆最大旋转速度：669.1±95.5度/秒，躯干最大旋转速度：1084.7±93.0度/秒。优势侧和非优势侧躯干旋转之间，以及支撑腿和引导腿髋关节活动范围（ROM）之间均无差异。躯干或髋关节活动范围（ROM）与投球运动学之间无显著关系。髋肩间距与躯干最大旋转速度之间存在显著关系（r = 0.390，p = 0.027）。投球速度与躯干最大旋转速度之间存在显著关系（r = 0.478，p = 0.006）。投球运动学或运动学顺序之间无其他显著关系。
结论
髋肩间距与躯干旋转速度相关，最终与投球速度相关。这些活动范围（ROM）测量值可作为高中投手髋肩间距的标准值。
证据水平
3级。
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