Boland Mark, Zambanini Daniel, Mulligan Ivan, Donegan Sean
Department of Physical Therapy Saint Francis University.
STAR Physical Therapy.
Int J Sports Phys Ther. 2023 Jun 1;V18(3):707-714. doi: 10.26603/001c.75224. eCollection 2023.
Previous studies have examined the timing of peak kinematic variables during the pitching cycle in high school, collegiate, and professional pitchers. These same variables have been studied less in younger populations.
To determine whether youth and adolescent baseball pitchers will experience peaks in certain kinematic variables at different times throughout the pitching cycle compared to professional/collegiate pitchers.
Cross-sectional, descriptive study.
Twenty-four participants were recruited for testing consisting of five recorded pitches using 3-Dimensional VICON® motion analysis system. The maximum values and timing of the peak kinematic variables were averaged across all trials using VICON Polygon® data analysis software. These values were recorded as percentages of the pitching cycle, defined from foot contact (0%) to ball release (100%). The following variables were examined: shoulder external rotation range of motion, shoulder internal rotation velocity, trunk rotation range of motion, trunk rotation velocity, pelvic rotation velocity, and stride length. Descriptive outcomes were calculated and results were compared to previous studies examining the same variables in collegiate and professional pitchers.
Twenty-four male participants (mean age 12.75 years, SD ± 2.02) were included in the study. Mean and standard deviations were identified for peak kinematic variables of shoulder external rotation ROM (158.71°, ±9.32), shoulder internal rotation velocity (92.26 rad/sec, ±19.29), trunk rotation velocity (15.94 rad/sec, ±1.68), trunk rotation ROM (23.57°, ±8.14), and average stride length (81.97% height ±4.57). Additionally, mean and standard deviations of peak kinematic variables were expressed as percentages to reflect when they occurred in the pitching cycle and included trunk rotation ROM (8.45%, ±12.72), pelvic rotation velocity (33.26%, ±16.42), trunk rotation velocity (41.59%, ±9.27), shoulder external rotation ROM (71.34%, ±6.61), and shoulder internal rotation velocity (86.93%, ±6.45).
The sequential order of each variable was similar in youth and adolescents in comparison to collegiate and professional pitchers. However, the timing of each variable within the pitching cycle occurred approximately 10% earlier in the younger pitchers. The findings suggest differences in pitching mechanics exist between younger and more experienced populations.
Level 3.
先前的研究已经考察了高中、大学和职业棒球投手投球周期中运动学变量峰值出现的时间。而在较年轻人群中，对这些相同变量的研究较少。
确定青少年棒球投手与职业/大学投手相比，在投球周期的不同时间，某些运动学变量是否会出现峰值。
横断面描述性研究。
招募了24名参与者进行测试，使用三维VICON®运动分析系统记录5次投球。使用VICON Polygon®数据分析软件，对所有试验中运动学变量峰值的最大值和时间进行平均。这些值记录为投球周期的百分比，投球周期定义为从脚触地（0%）到球出手（100%）。研究考察了以下变量：肩部外旋活动范围、肩部内旋速度、躯干旋转活动范围、躯干旋转速度、骨盆旋转速度和步幅长度。计算描述性结果，并将结果与之前考察大学和职业投手相同变量的研究进行比较。
24名男性参与者（平均年龄12.75岁，标准差±2.02）纳入研究。确定了肩部外旋活动范围（158.71°，±9.32）、肩部内旋速度（92.26弧度/秒，±19.29）、躯干旋转速度（15.94弧度/秒，±1.68）、躯干旋转活动范围（23.57°，±8.14）和平均步幅长度（身高的81.97%±4.57）等运动学变量峰值的均值和标准差。此外，运动学变量峰值的均值和标准差以百分比表示，以反映它们在投球周期中出现的时间，包括躯干旋转活动范围（8.45%，±12.72）、骨盆旋转速度（33.26%，±16.42）、躯干旋转速度（41.59%，±9.27）、肩部外旋活动范围（71.34%，±6.61）和肩部内旋速度（86.93%，±6.45）。
与大学和职业投手相比，青少年投手中各变量的顺序相似。然而，较年轻投手中每个变量在投球周期内出现的时间大约早10%。研究结果表明，较年轻人群和经验更丰富人群在投球力学方面存在差异。
3级。
