Labbe Andre, Foret William, Troy Madison, Page Phil, Savoie Felix Buddy
Department of Orthopedics Tulane University Medical School.
Moreau Physical Therapy.
Int J Sports Phys Ther. 2025 Aug 2;20(8):1214-1221. doi: 10.26603/001c.142488. eCollection 2025.
The kinematic sequencing of overhead throwing demonstrates a series of joint motions to generate the throwing force. The biomechanics of the overhead throw have been heavily researched in baseball players; however, more research is needed on the biomechanics of passing in football quarterbacks.
The purpose of this pilot descriptive study was to identify the kinematic sequencing of a football quarterback's pass using wireless inertial motion technology.
Pilot descriptive cross-sectional study.
Eight young, healthy, right-handed, pain-free quarterbacks (four high school, four collegiate) performed three drop back passes each at three increasing distances (9 total passes at 10, 20 and 30 yards) while wearing Ultium wireless IMUs (Noraxon, Scottsdale AZ) as part of their pre-season assessment. Kinematic data of each pass were identified and marked at four points of interest: foot contact, maximal external rotation, ball release, and maximal internal rotation. Data were analyzed with Noraxon MyoMotion 3.18 using a customized kinematic sequence algorithm to provide mean angles at specific points of interest over the nine throws of each quarterback.
Subjects were male, mean age 16.4 +/- 1.8 years (range 14-20). Kinematic sequencing of the extremities revealed shoulder abduction and external rotation peaked respectively at an average of 112° and 134° at the beginning of the acceleration phase, as did elbow flexion (100°). Stride knee flexion remained relatively consistent, increasing from 29° to 46° after maximal shoulder external rotation. The trunk remained relatively upright; however, quarterbacks experienced an average of 23° of lumbar extension at maximal shoulder external rotation. The trunk initiated rotation with an average of 40° to the right at foot contact, which reversed during the acceleration phase to a maximum of 21° to the left. Hip-shoulder separation remained about 20°, initially favoring right trunk rotation in the cocking phase, but quickly reversed to 20° favoring left trunk rotation in the follow-through. Minimal hip-shoulder separation (11°) occurred at ball release.
In the kinematic sequence from lower to upper extremity, stride knee flexion remains relatively unchanged, while trunk movement tends to shift away from the throwing side, converging toward a near-neutral position in all three planes just before ball release. This pilot study provided insight into the kinematic sequencing of football quarterbacks. Further research is warranted in evaluating the quarterback pass with inertial motion units.
过顶投掷的运动学顺序展示了一系列产生投掷力的关节运动。棒球运动员过顶投掷的生物力学已经得到了大量研究；然而，对于橄榄球四分卫传球的生物力学还需要更多研究。
这项初步描述性研究的目的是使用无线惯性运动技术确定橄榄球四分卫传球的运动学顺序。
初步描述性横断面研究。
八名年轻、健康、右利手且无疼痛的四分卫（四名高中生，四名大学生）在季前评估时佩戴Ultium无线惯性测量单元（Noraxon，亚利桑那州斯科茨代尔），在三个逐渐增加的距离（10码、20码和30码处共9次传球）各进行三次后撤传球。每次传球的运动学数据在四个感兴趣的点进行识别和标记：脚接触、最大外旋、球释放和最大内旋。使用Noraxon MyoMotion 3.18软件，通过定制的运动学顺序算法对数据进行分析，以提供每个四分卫九次投掷中特定感兴趣点的平均角度。
受试者为男性，平均年龄16.4±1.8岁（范围14 - 20岁）。四肢的运动学顺序显示，在加速阶段开始时，肩部外展和外旋分别平均达到112°和134°峰值，肘部屈曲（100°）也是如此。步幅屈膝保持相对一致，在肩部最大外旋后从29°增加到46°。躯干保持相对直立；然而，四分卫在肩部最大外旋时平均经历23°的腰椎伸展。躯干在脚接触时平均向右旋转40°，在加速阶段反转至最大向左21°。髋 - 肩分离保持在约20°，在引球阶段最初有利于右侧躯干旋转，但在随挥阶段迅速反转至20°有利于左侧躯干旋转。在球释放时髋 - 肩分离最小（11°）。
在从下肢到上肢的运动学顺序中，步幅屈膝保持相对不变，而躯干运动倾向于从投掷侧移开，在球释放前在所有三个平面上趋向于接近中立位置。这项初步研究为橄榄球四分卫的运动学顺序提供了见解。有必要进一步研究使用惯性运动单元评估四分卫传球。
3级。
