Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
College of Information Engineering, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China.
Transl Vis Sci Technol. 2020 Dec 10;9(13):18. doi: 10.1167/tvst.9.13.18. eCollection 2020 Dec.
To investigate the roles of motion perception and visual acuity in driving hazard detection.
Detection of driving hazard was tested based on video and still-frames of real-world road scenes. In the experiment using videos, 20 normally sighted participants were tested under four conditions: with or without motion interruption by interframe mask, and with or without simulated low visual acuity (20/120 on average) by using a diffusing filter. Videos were down-sampled to 2.5 Hz, to allow the addition of motion interrupting masks between the frames to maintain video durations. In addition, single still frames extracted from the videos were shown in random order to eight normally sighted participants, who judged whether the frames were during ongoing hazards, with or without the diffuser. Sensitivity index d-prime (d') was compared between unmasked motion ( = 20) and still frame conditions ( = 8).
In the experiment using videos, there was a significant reduction in a combined performance score (taking account of reaction time and detection rate) when the motion was disrupted ( = 0.016). The diffuser did not affect the scores ( = 0.419). The score reduction was mostly due to a decrease in the detection rate ( = 0.002), not the response time ( = 0.148). The d' of participants significantly decreased ( < 0.001) from 2.24 with unmasked videos to 0.68 with still frames. Low visual acuity also had a significant effect on the d' ( = 0.004), but the change was relatively small, from 2.03 without to 1.56 with the diffuser.
Motion perception plays a more important role than visual acuity for detecting driving hazards.
Motion perception may be a relevant criterion for fitness to drive.
研究运动知觉和视力在驾驶危险检测中的作用。
基于真实道路场景的视频和静帧图像来测试驾驶危险的检测。在使用视频的实验中，20 名视力正常的参与者在以下四种条件下进行了测试：有或无帧间掩模的运动中断，以及有或无使用扩散器模拟的低视力（平均 20/120）。视频被下采样到 2.5 Hz，以便在帧之间添加运动中断掩模，以保持视频时长。此外，从视频中提取的单个静帧以随机顺序呈现给 8 名视力正常的参与者，他们判断这些帧是否处于正在进行的危险中，有无扩散器。无掩模运动（ = 20）和静帧条件（ = 8）之间的敏感指数 d-prime（d'）进行了比较。
在使用视频的实验中，当运动中断时，综合绩效评分（考虑反应时间和检测率）显著降低（ = 0.016）。扩散器对评分没有影响（ = 0.419）。评分降低主要是由于检测率下降（ = 0.002），而不是反应时间（ = 0.148）。参与者的 d'从无掩模视频的 2.24 显著降低（<0.001）至静帧的 0.68。低视力对 d'也有显著影响（ = 0.004），但变化相对较小，从无扩散器的 2.03 到有扩散器的 1.56。
运动知觉在检测驾驶危险方面比视力更重要。
肖轶
