Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
AgeLab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
J Exp Psychol Gen. 2020 Mar;149(3):490-500. doi: 10.1037/xge0000665. Epub 2019 Jul 25.
How quickly can a driver perceive a critical hazard on or near the road? Evidence from vision research suggests that static scene perception is fast and holistic, but does this apply in dynamic road environments? Understanding how quickly drivers can perceive hazards in moving scenes is essential because it improves driver safety now, and will enable autonomous vehicles to work safely with drivers in the future. This paper describes a new, publicly available set of videos, the Road Hazard Stimuli, and a study assessing how quickly participants in the laboratory can detect and correctly respond to briefly presented hazards in them. We performed this laboratory experiment with a group of younger (20-25 years) and older (55-69 years) drivers, and found that while both groups only required brief views of the scene, older drivers required significantly longer to both detect (220 ms, younger; 403 ms, older) and correctly respond to hazards (388 ms younger; 605 ms older). Our results indicate that participants can perceive the scene and detect hazards holistically, without serially searching the scene, and can understand the scene and hazard sufficiently well to respond adequately with only slightly longer viewing durations. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
驾驶员能多快感知到道路上或附近的关键危险？视觉研究的证据表明，静态场景感知是快速且整体的，但这是否适用于动态道路环境？了解驾驶员在移动场景中能多快感知到危险对于提高驾驶员的安全性至关重要，并且将来还将使自动驾驶车辆能够与驾驶员安全地协同工作。本文介绍了一套新的、公开可用的视频集，即道路危险刺激物，以及一项评估实验室参与者能多快检测并正确响应短暂呈现的危险的研究。我们在一组年轻（20-25 岁）和年长（55-69 岁）驾驶员中进行了这项实验室实验，发现尽管两个组都只需短暂观察场景，但年长的驾驶员检测到（年轻组为 220 毫秒，年长组为 403 毫秒）和正确响应危险（年轻组为 388 毫秒，年长组为 605 毫秒）所需的时间明显更长。我们的结果表明，参与者可以整体感知场景并检测危险，无需连续搜索场景，并且可以充分理解场景和危险，只需稍微延长观看时间即可做出适当的反应。（PsycINFO 数据库记录（c）2020 APA，保留所有权利）。
