Lapointe Julien, Paradis-Deschênes Pénélope, Woorons Xavier, Lemaître Fréderic, Billaut François
Département de Kinésiologie, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada.
University of Lille, University of Artois, University of Littoral Côte d'Opale, ULR 7369 - URePSSS - Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Sport Santé Société, Lille, France.
Front Sports Act Living. 2020 Apr 3;2:29. doi: 10.3389/fspor.2020.00029. eCollection 2020.
This study investigated the impact of repeated-sprint (RS) training with voluntary hypoventilation at low lung volume (VHL) on RS ability (RSA) and on performance in a 30-15 intermittent fitness test (30-15). Over 4 weeks, 17 basketball players included eight sessions of straight-line running RS and RS with changes of direction into their usual training, performed either with normal breathing (CTL, = 8) or with VHL ( = 9). Before and after the training, athletes completed a RSA test (12 × 30-m, 25-s rest) and a 30-15. During the RSA test, the fastest sprint (RSA), time-based percentage decrement score (RSA), total electromyographic intensity (RMS), and spectrum frequency (MPF) of the biceps femoris and gastrocnemius muscles, and biceps femoris NIRS-derived oxygenation were assessed for every sprint. A capillary blood sample was also taken after the last sprint to analyse metabolic and ionic markers. Cohen's effect sizes (ES) were used to compare group differences. Compared with CTL, VHL did not clearly modify RSA, but likely lowered RSA (VHL: -24.5% vs. CTL: -5.9%, group difference: -19.8%, ES -0.44). VHL also lowered the maximal deoxygenation induced by sprints ([HHb]; group difference: -2.9%, ES -0.72) and enhanced the reoxygenation during recovery periods ([HHb]; group difference: -3.6%, ES -1.00). VHL increased RMS (group difference: 18.2%, ES 1.28) and maintained MPF toward higher frequencies (group difference: 9.8 ± 5.0%, ES 1.40). These changes were concomitant with a lower potassium (K) concentration (group difference: -17.5%, ES -0.67), and the lowering in [K] was largely correlated with RSA post-training in VHL only ( = 0.66, < 0.05). However, VHL did not clearly alter PO, hemoglobin, lactate and bicarbonate concentration and base excess. There was no difference between group velocity gains for the 30-15 (CTL: 6.9% vs. VHL: 7.5%, ES 0.07). These results indicate that RS training combined with VHL may improve RSA, which could be relevant to basketball player success. This gain may be attributed to greater muscle reoxygenation, enhanced muscle recruitment strategies, and improved K regulation to attenuate the development of muscle fatigue, especially in type-II muscle fibers.
本研究调查了在低肺容积（VHL）下进行自愿性低通气的重复冲刺（RS）训练对RS能力（RSA）以及30-15间歇体能测试（30-15）成绩的影响。在4周时间里，17名篮球运动员将直线跑步RS和变向RS的八个训练课次纳入其常规训练，训练时分别采用正常呼吸（对照组，n = 8）或VHL（n = 9）。在训练前后，运动员完成一次RSA测试（12次30米跑，休息25秒）和一次30-15测试。在RSA测试期间，评估每次冲刺时的最快冲刺速度（RSA）、基于时间的百分比下降分数（RSA）、股二头肌和腓肠肌的总肌电图强度（RMS）以及频谱频率（MPF），并评估股二头肌近红外光谱法测定的氧合情况。在最后一次冲刺后还采集了毛细血管血样以分析代谢和离子标志物。采用科恩效应量（ES）来比较组间差异。与对照组相比，VHL并未明显改变RSA，但可能降低了RSA（VHL组：-24.5% vs. 对照组：-5.9%，组间差异：-19.8%，ES -0.44）。VHL还降低了冲刺诱导的最大脱氧情况（[HHb]；组间差异：-2.9%，ES -0.72），并增强了恢复期的再氧合情况（[HHb]；组间差异：-3.6%，ES -1.00）。VHL增加了RMS（组间差异：18.2%，ES 1.28），并使MPF维持在较高频率（组间差异：9.8±5.0%，ES 1.40）。这些变化伴随着较低的钾（K）浓度（组间差异：-17.5%，ES -0.67），且[K]的降低仅在VHL组与训练后的RSA有很大相关性（r = 0.66，P < 0.05）。然而，VHL并未明显改变PO₂、血红蛋白、乳酸和碳酸氢盐浓度以及碱剩余。30-15测试中两组的速度增加量没有差异（对照组：6.9% vs. VHL组：7.5%，ES 0.07）。这些结果表明，RS训练结合VHL可能会提高RSA，这可能与篮球运动员的成功相关。这种提高可能归因于更大的肌肉再氧合、增强的肌肉募集策略以及改善的K调节以减轻肌肉疲劳的发展，尤其是在II型肌纤维中。
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