Précart Camille, Bouten Janne, Woorons Xavier, Fornasier-Santos Charly, Millet Grégoire P, Brocherie Franck
University of Paris Cité, Paris, France.
Laboratory Sport, Expertise and Performance (EA 7370), French Institute of Sport (INSEP), Paris, France.
Sports Med Open. 2025 May 16;11(1):55. doi: 10.1186/s40798-025-00853-6.
Repeated-sprint training in hypoxia (RSH) induced through voluntary hypoventilation at low lung volume (RSH-VHL) may represent a low-cost alternative to systemic hypoxia. This meta-analysis aimed to systematically assess the effects of RSH-VHL training interventions on sea-level physical performance compared to similar repeated-sprint training with normal breathing (RSN).
The PubMed/MEDLINE, SportDiscus, ProQuest, and Web of Science online databases were examined from inception to February 2025 for original studies investigating the changes in physical performance following RSH-VHL and RSN. Only trained participants were included. Standardized mean difference (SMD) was determined for repeated-sprint ability related variables [i.e., best and mean performance (RSA and RSA), sprint decrement score (S)] and maximal blood lactate concentration ([La]). PEDro scale and Begg & Mazumbar test were used to assessed risk of bias.
From the 776 studies identified through systematic search, 10 studies including a total of 199 individuals (157 males and 42 females) were eligible for meta-analysis. While no effect was observed for RSA (SMD = 0.038; 95%CI - 0.252-0.328; P = 0.798) and RSA (SMD = 0.276; 95%CI - 0.018-0.570; P = 0.066), moderate significant effects were observed for S (SMD = 0.603; 95%CI 0.180-1.025; P = 0.005) and [La] (SMD = 0.611; 95%CI 0.223-0.999; P = 0.002) favoring RSH-VHL vs. RSN.
Repeated-sprint training in hypoxia induced by voluntary hypoventilation at low lung volume provides putative gains in fatigue resistance during repeated sprints. Higher maximal blood lactate concentration suggests greater glycolytic contribution during RSH-VHL compared to RSN. Mechanisms underlying these effects are currently unclear and have yet to be identified.
通过低肺容量自主通气诱导的低氧重复冲刺训练（RSH-VHL）可能是一种低成本的系统性低氧替代方案。本荟萃分析旨在系统评估与类似的正常呼吸重复冲刺训练（RSN）相比，RSH-VHL训练干预对海平面身体机能的影响。
检索PubMed/MEDLINE、SportDiscus、ProQuest和Web of Science在线数据库，从建库至2025年2月，查找研究RSH-VHL和RSN后身体机能变化的原始研究。仅纳入经过训练的参与者。确定重复冲刺能力相关变量[即最佳和平均表现（RSA和RSA）、冲刺减量分数（S）]和最大血乳酸浓度（[La]）的标准化平均差（SMD）。使用PEDro量表和Begg & Mazumbar检验评估偏倚风险。
通过系统检索确定的776项研究中，10项研究共199人（157名男性和42名女性）符合荟萃分析条件。虽然未观察到RSA（SMD = 0.038；95%CI -0.252 - 0.328；P = 0.798）和RSA（SMD = 0.276；95%CI -0.018 - 0.570；P = 0.066）有效果，但观察到S（SMD = 0.603；95%CI 0.180 - 1.025；P = 0.005）和[La]（SMD = 0.611；95%CI 0.223 - 0.999；P = 0.002）有中度显著效果，有利于RSH-VHL而非RSN。
低肺容量自主通气诱导的低氧重复冲刺训练在重复冲刺过程中对疲劳抵抗有假定的益处。较高的最大血乳酸浓度表明与RSN相比，RSH-VHL期间糖酵解贡献更大。这些效应的潜在机制目前尚不清楚，有待确定。
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