Woorons X, Faucher C, Dufour S P, Brocherie F, Robach P, Connes P, Brugniaux J V, Verges S, Gaston A F, Millet G, Dupuy O, Pichon A
Univ. Lille, Univ. Artois, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, ULR 7369 - URePSSS - Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Sport Santé Société, Lille, France.
Association for Research and Promotion of Hypoventilation Training (ARPEH), Lille, France.
Front Physiol. 2024 Sep 27;15:1441696. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1441696. eCollection 2024.
To investigate the effects of a repeated-sprint training in hypoxia induced by voluntary hypoventilation at low lung volume (RSH-VHL) including end-expiratory breath holding (EEBH) of maximal duration.
Over a 4-week period, twenty elite judo athletes (10 women and 10 men) were randomly split into two groups to perform 8 sessions of rowing repeated-sprint exercise either with RSH-VHL (each sprint with maximal EEBH) or with unrestricted breathing (RSN, 10-s sprints). Before (Pre-), 5 days after (Post-1) and 12 days after (Post-2) the last training session, participants completed a repeated-sprint ability (RSA) test on a rowing ergometer (8 × 25-s "all-out" repetitions interspersed with 25 s of passive recovery). Power output (PO), oxygen uptake, perceptual-motor capacity (turning off a traffic light with a predetermined code), cerebral (Δ[Hb]) and muscle (Δ[Hb/Mb]) oxygenation, cerebral total haemoglobin concentration (Δ[THb]) and muscle total haemoglobin/myoglobin concentration (Δ[THb/Mb]) were measured during each RSA repetition and/or recovery period.
From Pre-to Post-1 and Post-2, maximal PO, mean PO (MPO) of the first half of the test (repetitions 1-4), oxygen uptake, end-repetition cerebral Δ[Hb] and Δ[THb], end-repetition muscle Δ[Hb/Mb] and Δ[THb/Mb] and perceptual-motor capacity remained unchanged in both groups. Conversely, MPO of the second half of the test (repetitions 5-8) was higher at Post-1 than at Pre-in RSH-VHL only ( < 0.01), resulting in a lower percentage decrement score over the entire RSA test (20.4% ± 6.5% vs. 23.9% ± 7.0%, = 0.01). Furthermore, MPO (5-8) was greater in RSH-VHL than in RSN at Post-1 ( = 0.04). These performance results were accompanied by an increase in muscle Δ[THb/Mb] (p < 0.01) and a concomitant decrease in cerebral Δ[THb] ( < 0.01) during the recovery periods of the RSA test at Post-1 in RSH-VHL.
Four weeks of RSH-VHL including maximal EEBH improved the ability of elite judo athletes to repeat high-intensity efforts. The performance improvement, observed 5 days but not 12 days after training, may be due to enhanced muscle perfusion. The unchanged oxygen uptake and the decrease in cerebral regional blood volume observed at the same time suggest that a blood volume redistribution occurred after the RSH-VHL intervention to meet the increase in muscle perfusion.
研究在低肺容量下通过自主低通气诱导的低氧环境中进行重复冲刺训练（RSH-VHL）的效果，包括最大持续时间的呼气末屏气（EEBH）。
在4周的时间里，20名优秀柔道运动员（10名女性和10名男性）被随机分为两组，分别进行8次划船重复冲刺运动，一组采用RSH-VHL（每次冲刺进行最大EEBH），另一组采用无限制呼吸（RSN，10秒冲刺）。在最后一次训练前（Pre-）、训练后5天（Post-1）和训练后12天（Post-2），参与者在划船测力计上完成重复冲刺能力（RSA）测试（8次25秒的“全力”重复，中间穿插25秒的被动恢复）。在每次RSA重复和/或恢复期间测量功率输出（PO）、摄氧量、感知运动能力（用预定代码关闭交通信号灯）、大脑（Δ[Hb]）和肌肉（Δ[Hb/Mb]）氧合、大脑总血红蛋白浓度（Δ[THb]）和肌肉总血红蛋白/肌红蛋白浓度（Δ[THb/Mb]）。
从Pre到Post-1和Post-2，两组的最大PO、测试前半段（重复1-4次）的平均PO（MPO）、摄氧量、重复结束时大脑的Δ[Hb]和Δ[THb]、重复结束时肌肉的Δ[Hb/Mb]和Δ[THb/Mb]以及感知运动能力均保持不变。相反，仅在RSH-VHL组中，测试后半段（重复5-8次）的MPO在Post-1时高于Pre-（<0.01），导致整个RSA测试中的百分比下降分数更低（20.4%±6.5%对23.9%±7.0%，=0.01）。此外，在Post-1时，RSH-VHL组的MPO（5-8）高于RSN组（=0.04）。这些性能结果伴随着RSH-VHL组在Post-1时RSA测试恢复期间肌肉Δ[THb/Mb]的增加（p<0.01）和大脑Δ[THb]的相应减少（<0.01）。
四周的包括最大EEBH的RSH-VHL提高了优秀柔道运动员重复高强度努力的能力。训练后5天而非12天观察到的性能改善可能归因于肌肉灌注增强。同时观察到的摄氧量不变和大脑局部血容量减少表明，RSH-VHL干预后发生了血容量重新分布，以满足肌肉灌注的增加。
