Talsnes Rune Kjøsen, Hetland Tor-Arne, Cai Xudan, Sandbakk Øyvind
Meråker High School, Trøndelag County Council, Steinkjer, Norway.
Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, Nord University, Bodø, Norway.
Front Sports Act Living. 2020 Aug 12;2:103. doi: 10.3389/fspor.2020.00103. eCollection 2020.
To examine the development of performance, physiological and technical capacities as well as the effect of sport background among runners, kayakers and rowers when transferred to cross-country (XC) skiing over a 6-month training period. Twenty-four endurance athletes (15 runners and 9 rowers/kayakers; 15 men and 9 women) were tested for performance, physiological and technical capacities during treadmill running and roller-ski skating, double-poling ergometry, as well as upper-body, one-repetition maximum-strength (1 RM) at baseline (pre) after three (mid) and 6-months (post) of XC ski-specific training. Peak treadmill speed when roller-ski skating improved significantly (13%, < 0.01) from pre-post, with a larger improvement in runners than in kayakers/rowers (16 vs. 9%, < 0.05), whereas peak speed in running was unchanged. Average power output during 5-min and 30-s ergometer double-poling tests improved by 8% and 5% (both < 0.01), with improvement found only in runners on the 30-s test (8 vs. -2% in kayakers/rowers, < 0.01). Peak oxygen uptake (VO) in running and double-poling ergometry did not improve, whereas VO in roller-ski skating improved by 5% in runners ( < 0.05). Submaximal gross efficiency increased by 0.6%-point and cycle length by 13%, whereas 1 RM in seated pull-down and triceps press increased by 12 and 11%, respectively (all < 0.05). Six-months of XC ski-specific training induced large improvements in sport-specific performance which were associated with better skiing efficiency, longer cycle length, and greater 1RM upper-body strength in a group of endurance athletes transferring to XC skiing. Furthermore, larger sport-specific development was found in runners compared to kayakers/rowers.
为研究跑步运动员、皮划艇运动员和赛艇运动员在为期6个月的训练期内转项至越野滑雪时，其运动表现、生理和技术能力的发展情况以及运动背景的影响。对24名耐力运动员（15名跑步运动员和9名赛艇/皮划艇运动员；15名男性和9名女性）在越野滑雪专项训练的基线期（训练前）、3个月（中期）和6个月（后期）进行了跑步机跑步、轮滑、双杖测力、以及上肢一次重复最大力量（1RM）测试，以评估其运动表现、生理和技术能力。轮滑时的跑步机峰值速度从训练前到训练后显著提高（13%，<0.01），跑步运动员的提高幅度大于皮划艇/赛艇运动员（16%对9%，<0.05），而跑步时的峰值速度没有变化。5分钟和30秒测力双杖测试中的平均功率输出分别提高了8%和5%（均<0.01），仅在30秒测试中跑步运动员有提高（皮划艇/赛艇运动员为8%对-2%，<0.01）。跑步和双杖测力时的峰值摄氧量（VO）没有提高，而轮滑时跑步运动员的VO提高了5%（<0.05）。次最大总效率提高了0.6个百分点，蹬冰周期长度增加了13%，而坐姿下拉和三头肌推举的1RM分别增加了12%和11%（均<0.05）。6个月的越野滑雪专项训练使一组转项至越野滑雪的耐力运动员的专项运动表现有了大幅提高，这与更好的滑雪效率、更长的蹬冰周期长度以及更大的上肢1RM力量有关。此外，与皮划艇/赛艇运动员相比，跑步运动员的专项运动发展更大。
