Children's Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, HUS, Helsinki, Finland.
Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2021 Mar 8;106(3):e1140-e1155. doi: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa943.
The relationship between maternal and infant vitamin D and early childhood growth remains inadequately understood.
This work aimed to investigate how maternal and child 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) and vitamin D supplementation affect growth during the first 2 years of life.
A randomized, double-blinded, single-center intervention study was conducted from pregnancy until offspring age 2 years. Altogether 812 term-born children with complete data were recruited at a maternity hospital. Children received daily vitamin D3 supplementation of 10 μg (group 10) or 30 μg (group 30) from age 2 weeks to 2 years. Anthropometry and growth rate were measured at age 1 and 2 years.
Toddlers born to mothers with pregnancy 25(OH)D greater than 125 nmol/L were at 2 years lighter and thinner than the reference group with 25(OH)D of 50 to 74.9 nmol/L (P < .010). Mean 2-year 25(OH)D concentrations were 87 nmol/L in group 10 and 118 nmol/L in group 30 (P < .001). When group 30 was compared with group 10, difference in body size was not statistically significant (P > .053), but group 30 had slower growth in length and head circumference between 6 months and 1 year (P < .047), and more rapid growth in weight and length-adjusted weight between 1 and 2 years (P < .043). Toddlers in the highest quartile of 25(OH)D (> 121 nmol/L) were shorter (mean difference 0.2 SD score [SDS], P = .021), lighter (mean difference 0.4 SDS, P = .001), and thinner (in length-adjusted weight) (mean difference 0.4 SDS, P = .003) compared with the lowest quartile (< 81.2 nmol/L).
Vitamin D and early childhood growth may have an inverse U-shaped relationship.
母婴维生素 D 与儿童早期生长之间的关系仍未得到充分理解。
本研究旨在探究母体和儿童 25-羟维生素 D（25[OH]D）以及维生素 D 补充对生命最初 2 年生长的影响。
这是一项在一家妇产医院进行的随机、双盲、单中心干预研究，从妊娠开始一直持续到儿童 2 岁。共招募了 812 名足月出生且数据完整的儿童。从 2 周龄至 2 岁，儿童每天接受 10 μg（10 组）或 30 μg（30 组）维生素 D3 补充。在 1 岁和 2 岁时测量体格和生长速度。
母亲孕期 25(OH)D 大于 125 nmol/L 的婴儿在 2 岁时体重和体围比参考组（25(OH)D 为 50-74.9 nmol/L）轻且瘦（P<0.010）。10 组和 30 组的平均 2 岁时 25(OH)D 浓度分别为 87 nmol/L 和 118 nmol/L（P<0.001）。与 10 组相比，30 组的体尺差异无统计学意义（P>0.053），但 30 组在 6 个月至 1 岁之间的身长和头围增长速度较慢（P<0.047），1 岁至 2 岁之间的体重和体重调整后的身长增长速度较快（P<0.043）。25(OH)D 最高四分位数（>121 nmol/L）的婴儿较短（平均差异 0.2 标准差得分[SDS]，P=0.021），较轻（平均差异 0.4 SDS，P=0.001），且更瘦（在体重调整后的身长方面）（平均差异 0.4 SDS，P=0.003）与最低四分位数（<81.2 nmol/L）相比。
维生素 D 与儿童早期生长之间可能呈倒 U 型关系。
