College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China.
College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China.
Int J Biol Macromol. 2021 Feb 1;169:463-472. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.12.124. Epub 2020 Dec 19.
Cerebral ischemia, a common cerebrovascular disease, is one of the great threats to human health. Nowadays, many drugs used in the treatment of cerebral ischemia such as clot busting drugs, antiplatelet drugs, and neuroprotective drugs have limits. It is urgent finding new effective treatments for the patients. Researches have confirmed that many kinds of polysaccharides from natural resources possess therapeutic effects on cerebral ischemia, but are still lack of a comprehensively understanding. In this paper, based on the pathophysiology of cerebral ischemic injury, we summarize the latest discoveries and advancements of 29 kinds of polysaccharides, focusing on their ameliorating effects on cerebral ischemia and the underlying mechanisms. Several mechanisms are involved, mainly including antioxidant activities, anti-inflammatory activities, regulating neuron apoptosis, as well as resisting nitrosative stress injury. Besides, polysaccharides show protective effects through certain signaling pathways including PI3K/Akt, MAPK, and NF-κB, PARP-1/AIF, JNK3/c-Jun/Fas-L, and Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathways. The main goal of this mini-review is to emphasize the important roles of polysaccharides in attenuating cerebral ischemic injury through the elucidation of mechanisms.
脑缺血是一种常见的脑血管疾病，是人类健康的巨大威胁之一。目前，许多用于治疗脑缺血的药物，如溶栓药物、抗血小板药物和神经保护药物，都存在局限性。因此，迫切需要为患者寻找新的有效治疗方法。研究已经证实，天然资源中的许多种类的多糖对脑缺血具有治疗作用，但仍缺乏全面的了解。本文基于脑缺血损伤的病理生理学，总结了 29 种多糖的最新发现和进展，重点介绍了它们对脑缺血的改善作用及其潜在机制。涉及多种机制，主要包括抗氧化活性、抗炎活性、调节神经元凋亡以及抵抗硝化应激损伤。此外，多糖还通过 PI3K/Akt、MAPK、NF-κB、PARP-1/AIF、JNK3/c-Jun/Fas-L 和 Nrf2/HO-1 信号通路等特定信号通路发挥保护作用。本综述的主要目的是强调通过阐明机制，多糖在减轻脑缺血损伤中的重要作用。
