Department of Life Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Kingston Lane, UB8 3PH, UK; Department of Analytical, Environmental & Forensic Sciences, School of Population Health & Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, UK.
Department of Analytical, Environmental & Forensic Sciences, School of Population Health & Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, UK; Environmental Research Group, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, UK.
Environ Pollut. 2021 Feb 1;270:116300. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.116300. Epub 2020 Dec 13.
The fate of many chemicals in the environment, particularly contaminants of emerging concern (CEC), have been characterised to a limited extent with a major focus on occurrence in water. This study presents the characterisation, distribution and fate of multiple chemicals including pharmaceuticals, recreational drugs and pesticides in surface water, sediment and fauna representing different food web endpoints in a typical UK estuary (River Colne, Essex, UK). A comparison of contaminant occurrence across different benthic macroinvertebrates was made at three sites and included two amphipods (Gammarus pulex &Crangon crangon), a polychaete worm (Hediste diversicolor) and a gastropod (Peringia ulvae). Overall, multiple contaminants were determined in all compartments and ranged from; <LOQ - 386 ng L in surface water (n = 59 compounds), <LOQ - 146 ng g in sediment (n = 39 compounds) and <LOQ - 91 ng g biota (n = 33 compounds). H. diversicolor and P. ulvae (sediment dwellers) showed greater chemical body burden compared with the two swimming amphipod species sampled (up to 2.5 - 4-fold). The most frequently determined compounds in biota (100%, n = 36 samples) included; cocaine, benzyoylecgonine, carbamazepine, sertraline and diuron. Whilst some of the highest concentrations found were in species H. diverscolor and P. ulvae for psychoactive pharmaceuticals including citalopram (91 ng g), sertraline (69 ng g), haloperidol (66 ng g) and the neonicotinoid, imidacloprid (33 ng g) Sediment was noted as an important exposure route for these benthic dwelling organisms and will be critical to monitor in future studies. Overall, the analysis of multiple species and compartments demonstrates the importance of including a range of exposure pathways in order to appropriately assess chemical fates and associated risks in the aquatic environment.
环境中许多化学物质的命运，特别是新出现的关注污染物（CEC），已经在一定程度上进行了描述，主要集中在水中的存在上。本研究描述了多种化学物质的特征、分布和命运，包括药品、娱乐性药物和农药，这些化学物质存在于代表英国典型河口（英国埃塞克斯郡的科尔恩河）不同食物网终点的地表水、沉积物和动物区系中。在三个地点对不同底栖大型无脊椎动物中的污染物发生情况进行了比较，包括两种十足目甲壳动物（Gammarus pulex 和 Crangon crangon）、一种多毛类环节动物（Hediste diversicolor）和一种腹足纲软体动物（Peringia ulvae）。总体而言，所有隔室中均确定了多种污染物，范围从地表水的<LOQ-386ng/L（n=59 种化合物）到沉积物的<LOQ-146ng/g（n=39 种化合物）和生物区系的<LOQ-91ng/g（n=33 种化合物）。与两种被采样的游泳十足目甲壳动物相比，H. diversicolor 和 P. ulvae（沉积物居民）的体内化学物质负荷更大（高达 2.5-4 倍）。生物区系中最常测定的化合物（100%，n=36 个样本）包括可卡因、苯甲酰可待因、卡马西平、舍曲林和敌草隆。虽然在 H. diversicolor 和 P. ulvae 等物种中发现了一些最高浓度的精神药物，包括西酞普兰（91ng/g）、舍曲林（69ng/g）、氟哌啶醇（66ng/g）和新烟碱类杀虫剂，吡虫啉（33ng/g），但沉积物被认为是这些底栖生物的重要暴露途径，在未来的研究中至关重要。总体而言，对多种物种和隔室的分析表明，在适当评估水生环境中的化学命运和相关风险时，必须包括一系列暴露途径。
