Department of physical education and sport sciences, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran.
Department of physical education and sport sciences, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2021 Feb;209:111785. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111785. Epub 2020 Dec 18.
Heavy metals are considered contaminants that hazardously influence the healthy life of humans and animals as they are widely used in industry. Contact of youngsters and women at ages of parturition with lead (Pb) is a main related concern, which passes through the placental barricade and its better absorption in the intestine leads to flaws in the fetal developfment. However, the metals threaten animal and human life, in particular throughout developmental stages. Products existing in the nature have a major contribution to innovating chemo-preventives. As a naturally available polyphenol and necessary curcuminoid, curcumin (Cur) is a derivative of the herb Curcuma longa (L.) rhizome, which globally recognized as "wonder drug of life"; however, Cur has a limited clinical use as it is poorly dissolved in water. Therefore, to enhance its clinically relevant parameters, curcumin-loaded calcium carbonate (CaCO@Cur) was synthesized by one step coprecipitation method as a newly introduced in this research. Initially, its structure was physio chemically characterized using FT-IR, FESEM and DLS equipment and then the cytotoxicity of lead when it was pretreated with Cur/CaCO@Cur were assessed by MTT assay. Both Cur and CaCO@Cur diminished the toxic effects of Pb while the most protective effect on the Pb cytotoxicity was achieved by pre-incubation of cells with CaCO@Cur. Besides, the morphological changes of Pb-treated cells that were pre-incubated with or without Cur/CaCO@Cur were observed by normal and florescent microscopes. A non-pharmacologic method that lowers the hazard of brain damage is exercise training that is capable of both improving and alleviating memory. In the current study, the role of regular aerobic training and CaCO@Cur was assessed in reducing the risk of brain damage induced by lead nitrate contact. To achieve the mentioned goal, pregnant Balb/C mice were assigned to five groups (six mice/group) at random: negative and positive controls, aerobic training group and Cur and CaCO@Cur treated (50 mg/kg/b.wt) trained groups that exposed to Pb (2 mg/kg) by drinking water during breeding and pregnancy. With the completion of study, offspring were subjected to the behavioral tasks that was tested by step-through ORT, DLB, MWM and YM tests. As a result, having regular aerobic training and CaCO@Cur co-administration with lead nitrate could reverse the most defected behavioral indicators; yet, this was not visible for both sexes and it seems that gender can also be a source of different effects in the animal's body. In fact, having regular aerobic training along with CaCO@Cur supplementation during pregnancy may be encouraging protecting potential agents towards the toxicity of Pb that could be recommended in the areas with high pollution of heavy metals.
重金属被认为是有害物质，它们广泛应用于工业中，会对人类和动物的健康造成危害。年轻人和分娩期妇女接触铅（Pb）是一个主要的相关问题，铅可以穿过胎盘屏障，并且更容易在肠道中被吸收，这会导致胎儿发育缺陷。然而，这些金属不仅会对动物的生命造成威胁，而且在动物的整个发育阶段都会造成威胁。自然界中存在的产品对创新的化学预防剂有很大的贡献。姜黄素（Cur）是一种天然存在的多酚和必需的姜黄素类化合物，是姜黄（Curcuma longa（L.））根茎的衍生物，被全球公认为“生命的神奇药物”；然而，由于其在水中的溶解度较差，Cur 的临床应用受到限制。因此，为了提高其临床相关参数，通过一步共沉淀法合成了负载姜黄素的碳酸钙（CaCO@Cur），这是本研究中的一个新方法。首先，使用傅里叶变换红外光谱（FT-IR）、场发射扫描电子显微镜（FESEM）和动态光散射（DLS）设备对其物理化学结构进行了表征，然后通过 MTT 测定法评估了 Cur/CaCO@Cur 预处理对铅细胞毒性的影响。Cur 和 CaCO@Cur 均降低了 Pb 的毒性作用，而细胞与 CaCO@Cur 预孵育对 Pb 细胞毒性的保护作用最大。此外，通过普通和荧光显微镜观察了用或不用 Cur/CaCO@Cur 预孵育的 Pb 处理细胞的形态变化。运动训练是一种降低脑损伤风险的非药理学方法，它既能改善又能缓解记忆。在本研究中，评估了定期有氧运动训练和 CaCO@Cur 在降低硝酸铅接触引起的脑损伤风险中的作用。为了实现这一目标，将怀孕的 Balb/C 小鼠随机分为五组（每组 6 只）：阴性和阳性对照组、有氧运动组和用 Cur 和 CaCO@Cur 治疗（50mg/kg/b.wt）的训练组，这些训练组在繁殖和怀孕期间通过饮用水接触 Pb（2mg/kg）。研究完成后，对后代进行了行为任务测试，包括避暗测试（ORT）、穿梭箱测试（DLB）、水迷宫测试（MWM）和 Y 迷宫测试。结果表明，定期有氧运动训练和 CaCO@Cur 联合应用于铅可以逆转大多数行为指标的缺陷；然而，这在两性中都不明显，而且似乎性别也可能是动物体内产生不同效果的一个因素。事实上，在怀孕期间定期进行有氧运动训练并补充 CaCO@Cur，可能有助于保护身体免受 Pb 毒性的影响，这在重金属污染严重的地区可能是一种值得推荐的方法。
