Institute of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Organic Chemistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara/SP, Brazil.
Natural Products Laboratory, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Planta Med. 2021 Feb;87(1-02):148-159. doi: 10.1055/a-1301-0183. Epub 2020 Dec 21.
is an outstanding representative of the genus. This representability comes from its distinctive chemical profile and pharmacological properties. This species is widespread from North to South America, occurring in all Brazilian biomes. Based on their morphology, 2 varieties are recognized: var. and var. . Despite the existence of data about their chemical composition, a deeper understanding of the specialized metabolism correlation and variation in respect to environmental factors and its repercussion over their biological activities was still pending. In this study, an UHPLC-DAD-based metabolomics approach was employed for the investigation of the chemical variation of 12 populations sampled across 4 Brazilian biomes and ecotones. The correlation between infraspecific chemical variability and the cytotoxic and antioxidant activities was achieved by multivariate data analysis. The analyses showed that var. prevailed at Cerrado areas, and it was correlated with lower cytotoxic activity and high level of glycosylated flavonoids. Among them, narcissin and isorhamnetin-3--L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 2)--L-arabinopyranoside showed good correlation with the antioxidant activity. Conversely, var. prevailed at the Atlantic Forest areas, and it was associated with high cytotoxic activity and high content of clerodane diterpenoids. Different casearins showed good correlation ( = 0.3 - 0.70) with the cytotoxic activity. These findings highlighted the great complexity among different populations, their chemical profile, and the related biological activities. Consequently, it can certainly influence the medicinal properties, as well as the quality and efficacy, of phytomedicines.
是该属的杰出代表。这种代表性源自其独特的化学特征和药理学特性。该物种广泛分布于南北美洲，存在于巴西的所有生物群落中。根据其形态，可识别出 2 个变种：var. 和 var. 。尽管已经有关于其化学成分的数据，但对于其特殊代谢相关性以及与环境因素的变化及其对生物活性的影响，仍需要更深入的了解。在这项研究中，采用基于 UHPLC-DAD 的代谢组学方法，研究了在 4 个巴西生物群落和生态过渡区中采样的 12 个 种群的化学变异。通过多元数据分析，研究了种内化学变异性与细胞毒性和抗氧化活性之间的相关性。分析表明，var. 在塞拉多地区占优势，与较低的细胞毒性活性和高水平的糖基化类黄酮相关。其中，水仙苷和异鼠李素-3--L-鼠李吡喃糖苷-(1 → 2)--L-阿拉伯吡喃糖苷与抗氧化活性相关性较好。相反，var. 在大西洋森林地区占优势，与较高的细胞毒性活性和较高含量的 clerodane 二萜相关。不同的 casearins 与细胞毒性活性具有良好的相关性（ = 0.3 - 0.70）。这些发现突出了不同 种群之间的巨大复杂性，包括它们的化学特征和相关的生物活性。因此，这肯定会影响植物药的药用特性、质量和功效。
