Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Department of Family, Health Promotion and Life Course, Pan American Health Organization/World Health Organization Regional Office for the Americas, Washington, DC, USA.
Vaccine. 2021 Jul 30;39 Suppl 2:B27-B33. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.10.031. Epub 2020 Dec 19.
Maternal immunization has the potential to reduce both maternal and infant morbidity and mortality by protecting women from complications during pregnancy as well as conferring protection for babies who are too young to be vaccinated. Limited evidence is available about the drivers of maternal immunization in middle-income countries such as Peru. Vaccines against tetanus, diphtheria and influenza are recommended beginning in the second trimester in Peru; however, vaccination coverage has remained low in Peru compared to other countries in the region. As additional vaccines are recommended for administration in pregnancy, a better understanding of the perceptions and attitudes of pregnant women that influence vaccination are needed to design communication materials.
We conducted an exploratory qualitative study to understand the individual level factors influencing pregnant women's vaccine uptake. We interviewed pregnant women about their knowledge, perceptions and experiences with vaccination during pregnancy. Community health workers recruited women in a peri urban area of Peru in April 2018.
Twelve women were interviewed, the majority of which had received vaccination during the current pregnancy. The most common reasons for vaccination were to protect the baby and because vaccines are effective. Concerns included vaccine safety during pregnancy and adverse effects on the unborn baby. Some women mentioned that because vaccines are given later in pregnancy, the unborn baby is stronger, so vaccines will not harm them. Women highlighted that the main reason for not being vaccinated was lack of information. They also noted that they were the decision-maker in whether or not they were vaccinated. Most women said that they trusted healthcare providers and that trust was linked to providing information through open communication.
Overall, participants were supportive of maternal vaccination. They believed that vaccines were effective in protecting both their unborn baby and themselves. The main reason given for non-vaccination was lack of knowledge about vaccination in pregnancy. The strong desire expressed by study participants to get more information presents an opportunity for immunization programs to develop interventions that facilitate better information dissemination to pregnant women to increase vaccination uptake.
通过保护妇女在怀孕期间免受并发症的影响，并为尚未到接种疫苗年龄的婴儿提供保护，母亲免疫接种具有降低母婴发病率和死亡率的潜力。在秘鲁等中等收入国家，关于母亲免疫接种的驱动因素的证据有限。在秘鲁，建议从妊娠第二个月开始接种破伤风、白喉和流感疫苗；然而，与该地区其他国家相比，秘鲁的疫苗接种覆盖率仍然很低。随着更多疫苗被推荐在怀孕期间接种，为了设计传播材料，需要更好地了解影响疫苗接种的孕妇的看法和态度。
我们进行了一项探索性定性研究，以了解影响孕妇疫苗接种率的个体因素。我们采访了孕妇，了解她们在怀孕期间对疫苗接种的知识、看法和经验。社区卫生工作者于 2018 年 4 月在秘鲁的一个城市郊区招募了女性。
采访了 12 名孕妇，其中大多数孕妇在本次妊娠期间接种了疫苗。接种疫苗的最常见原因是保护婴儿和疫苗有效。关注的问题包括怀孕期间疫苗的安全性和对胎儿的不良影响。一些妇女提到，由于疫苗在妊娠后期接种，胎儿更强壮，因此疫苗不会伤害他们。妇女强调不接种疫苗的主要原因是缺乏信息。她们还指出，她们是决定是否接种疫苗的人。大多数妇女表示，她们信任医疗保健提供者，而信任与通过开放沟通提供信息有关。
总的来说，参与者支持母亲免疫接种。她们认为疫苗在保护胎儿和自己方面是有效的。不接种疫苗的主要原因是缺乏对妊娠期间疫苗接种的了解。研究参与者强烈希望获得更多信息，这为免疫规划提供了一个机会，可以制定干预措施，促进向孕妇更好地传播信息，以提高疫苗接种率。
