Yu Wang, Jun Tan, Xiao-Li W U, Rang-Yu M O, Da-Xia Chen
Chongqing Sub-center of National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Resources, Institute of Material Medical Planting, Chongqing Academy of Chinese Materia Medica Chongqing 400065, China.
Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 2020 Nov;45(21):5160-5168. doi: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20200814.101.
This study is aimed to reveal the rhizosphere soil fungal community structure difference of Coptis chinensis cropping between natural forest and artificial shed modes, and provide theoretical guidance for soil improvement and C. chinensis planting. The rhizosphere soil samples of 1-5-year-old C. chinensis under natural forest and artificial shed modes were collected. Illumina high-throughput sequencing technology was used to analyze the community structure and diversity of soil fungi under the tow cropping modes,and the effects of soil nutriment indices on soil fungal community structure. The results suggested that the abundance and diversity of fungal communities in soil of 2-5-year-old C. chinensis were not significant different in both two cropping modes, but it was significantly higher than that in the 1-year-old C. chinensis. Comparing soil samples from the same year-old C. chinensis under the two cropping modes, it was found that there was no significant difference in the abundance and diversity of fungal communities. The fungal community of the rhizosphere soil was different in composition and abundance between tow cropping modes, and between different planting years. The 17 phyla,59 classes and 155 orders,and 17 phyla,59 classes and 157 orders were detected in the rhizosphere soil of C. chinensis under the cropping modes of natural forest and the artificial shed, respectively. Ascomycota, Basidiomycota and Mortierellomycota were dominant phyla in rhizosphere soil, and the average abundance of the 3 phyla accounted for 74.36% and 74.30% of the total fungi. The results of analysis of similarities showed that there were significant differences in the fungal community structure of 1-year-old and 2-year-old C. chinensis soil fungi, and there was no significant difference in the community structure of 3-5-year-old samples. Under the natural forest cropping mode, there were significant differences among the samples of different years. Under the artificial shed cropping, there were significant differences in fungal community structure between 1-year-old and 3-5-year-old C. chinensis soil, and between 2-year-old and 3-5-year-old C. chinensis soil. The results of canonical correlation analysis showed that soil pH and soil organic matter content were the main factors affecting the soil fungal community structure. Soil organic matter content was positively correlated with Basidiomycota and Cryptomycota, pH was negatively correlated with Basidiomycota and C. ryptomycota. The planting of C. chinensis has promoted the diversity and abundance of rhizosphere fungal community significantly. For the same year-old C. chinensis soil, abundance of fungal community was no significant difference between two cropping modes. There are significant differences in the rhizosphere soil fungal community structure between tow cropping modes in the first two years of planting. Through the interaction between the rhizosphere and the soil and the continuous selection of the rhizosphere to the fungal community, the fungal community structure tended to be the same between the two cropping modes in rhizosphere soil of 3-5-year old C. chinensis. The soil pH and orga-nic matter content were the main factors affecting the change of fungal community structure.
本研究旨在揭示黄连在天然林和人工棚两种种植模式下根际土壤真菌群落结构差异，为土壤改良及黄连种植提供理论指导。采集了天然林和人工棚模式下1 - 5年生黄连的根际土壤样本。采用Illumina高通量测序技术分析两种种植模式下土壤真菌的群落结构和多样性，以及土壤养分指标对土壤真菌群落结构的影响。结果表明，在两种种植模式下，2 - 5年生黄连土壤中真菌群落的丰度和多样性无显著差异，但显著高于1年生黄连。比较同一年龄黄连在两种种植模式下的土壤样本，发现真菌群落的丰度和多样性无显著差异。两种种植模式之间以及不同种植年份之间，根际土壤真菌群落的组成和丰度存在差异。在天然林种植模式和人工棚种植模式下，黄连根际土壤分别检测到17个门、59个纲和155个目，以及17个门、59个纲和157个目。子囊菌门、担子菌门和被孢霉门是根际土壤中的优势门，这3个门的平均丰度分别占总真菌的74.36%和74.30%。相似性分析结果表明，1年生和2年生黄连土壤真菌的群落结构存在显著差异，3 - 5年生样本的群落结构无显著差异。在天然林种植模式下，不同年份的样本之间存在显著差异。在人工棚种植模式下，1年生和3 - 5年生黄连土壤之间以及2年生和3 - 5年生黄连土壤之间的真菌群落结构存在显著差异。典范相关分析结果表明，土壤pH值和土壤有机质含量是影响土壤真菌群落结构的主要因素。土壤有机质含量与担子菌门和隐真菌门呈正相关，pH值与担子菌门和隐真菌门呈负相关。黄连的种植显著促进了根际真菌群落的多样性和丰度。对于同一年龄的黄连土壤，两种种植模式下真菌群落的丰度无显著差异。种植的前两年，两种种植模式下根际土壤真菌群落结构存在显著差异。通过根际与土壤之间的相互作用以及根际对真菌群落的持续选择，3 - 5年生黄连根际土壤中两种种植模式下的真菌群落结构趋于相同。土壤pH值和有机质含量是影响真菌群落结构变化的主要因素。
