生酮饮食：对海马鼠神经元细胞脂类的影响。
Ketogenic Diet: Impact on Cellular Lipids in Hippocampal Murine Neurons.
机构信息
Clinic for Pediatric Kidney, Liver, and Metabolic Diseases, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
Institute for Physiological Chemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine, Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany.
出版信息
Nutrients. 2020 Dec 18;12(12):3870. doi: 10.3390/nu12123870.
BACKGROUND
The mechanism of action of the ketogenic diet (KD), an effective treatment for pharmacotherapy refractory epilepsy, is not fully elucidated. The present study examined the effects of two metabolites accumulating under KD-beta-hydroxybutyrate (ßHB) and decanoic acid (C10) in hippocampal murine (HT22) neurons.
METHODS
A mouse HT22 hippocampal neuronal cell line was used in the present study. Cellular lipids were analyzed in cell cultures incubated with high (standard) versus low glucose supplemented with ßHB or C10. Cellular cholesterol was analyzed using HPLC, while phospholipids and sphingomyelin (SM) were analyzed using HPTLC.
RESULTS
HT22 cells showed higher cholesterol, but lower SM levels in the low glucose group without supplements as compared to the high glucose groups. While cellular cholesterol was reduced in both ßHB- and C10-incubated cells, phospholipids were significantly higher in C10-incubated neurons. Ratios of individual phospholipids to cholesterol were significantly higher in ßHB- and C10-incubated neurons as compared to controls.
CONCLUSION
Changes in the ratios of individual phospholipids to cholesterol in HT22 neurons suggest a possible alteration in the composition of the plasma membrane and organelle membranes, which may provide insight into the working mechanism of KD metabolites ßHB and C10.
背景
生酮饮食（KD）是一种有效的抗癫痫药物治疗方法，其作用机制尚未完全阐明。本研究检测了 KD 下两种代谢物（β-羟丁酸（ßHB）和癸酸（C10））在海马鼠（HT22）神经元中的作用。
方法
本研究使用了小鼠 HT22 海马神经元细胞系。用高（标准）糖和低糖培养细胞，分别添加ßHB 或 C10，分析细胞内脂质。用 HPLC 分析细胞胆固醇，用 HPTLC 分析磷脂和神经鞘磷脂（SM）。
结果
与高糖组相比，低糖组无补充物时 HT22 细胞的胆固醇水平较高，但 SM 水平较低。βHB 和 C10 孵育的细胞中细胞胆固醇降低，而 C10 孵育的神经元中的磷脂明显升高。与对照组相比，βHB 和 C10 孵育的神经元中各磷脂与胆固醇的比值显著升高。
结论
HT22 神经元中各磷脂与胆固醇比值的变化表明，细胞膜和细胞器膜的组成可能发生了改变，这可能为 KD 代谢物βHB 和 C10 的作用机制提供了新的见解。
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