Scientific-Research Institute of Neurosciences and Medicine, 630117 Novosibirsk, Russia.
Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, The Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia.
Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Oct 28;22(21):11682. doi: 10.3390/ijms222111682.
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) comprise a distinct set of clinical symptoms resulting from chronic inflammation within the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Despite the significant progress in understanding the etiology and development of treatment strategies, IBD remain incurable for thousands of patients. Metabolic deregulation is indicative of IBD, including substantial shifts in lipid metabolism. Recent data showed that changes in some phospholipids are very common in IBD patients. For instance, phosphatidylcholine (PC)/phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC)/PC ratios are associated with the severity of the inflammatory process. Composition of phospholipids also changes upon IBD towards an increase in arachidonic acid and a decrease in linoleic and a-linolenic acid levels. Moreover, an increase in certain phospholipid metabolites, such as lysophosphatidylcholine, sphingosine-1-phosphate and ceramide, can result in enhanced intestinal inflammation, malignancy, apoptosis or necroptosis. Because some phospholipids are associated with pathogenesis of IBD, they may provide a basis for new strategies to treat IBD. Current attempts are aimed at controlling phospholipid and fatty acid levels through the diet or via pharmacological manipulation of lipid metabolism.
炎症性肠病（IBD）是一组由胃肠道（GI）内慢性炎症引起的独特临床症状。尽管在了解病因和治疗策略的发展方面取得了重大进展，但仍有成千上万的患者无法治愈。代谢失调是 IBD 的特征，包括脂质代谢的实质性变化。最近的数据表明，IBD 患者中一些磷脂的变化非常常见。例如，磷脂酰胆碱（PC）/磷脂酰乙醇胺（PE）和溶血磷脂酰胆碱（LPC）/PC 比值与炎症过程的严重程度有关。磷脂的组成也会因 IBD 而改变，表现为花生四烯酸增加，亚油酸和亚麻酸水平降低。此外，某些磷脂代谢物的增加，如溶血磷脂酰胆碱、鞘氨醇 1-磷酸和神经酰胺，可能导致肠道炎症、恶性肿瘤、细胞凋亡或坏死性凋亡增强。由于一些磷脂与 IBD 的发病机制有关，它们可能为治疗 IBD 的新策略提供基础。目前的尝试旨在通过饮食或通过药理学手段来控制脂质代谢来控制磷脂和脂肪酸的水平。
