Kumar Rohit, Ali Syed Azmal, Singh Sumit Kumar, Bhushan Vanya, Mathur Manya, Jamwal Shradha, Mohanty Ashok Kumar, Kaushik Jai Kumar, Kumar Sudarshan
Cell Biology and Proteomics Lab, Animal Biotechnology Centre, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal 132001, India.
Vet Sci. 2020 Dec 18;7(4):206. doi: 10.3390/vetsci7040206.
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are the arsenals of the innate host defense system, exhibiting evolutionarily conserved characteristics that are present in practically all forms of life. Recent years have witnessed the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria compounded with a slow discovery rate for new antibiotics that have necessitated scientific efforts to search for alternatives to antibiotics. Research on the identification of AMPs has generated very encouraging evidence that they curb infectious pathologies and are also useful as novel biologics to function as immunotherapeutic agents. Being innate, they exhibit the least cytotoxicity to the host and exerts a wide spectrum of biological activity including low resistance among microbes and increased wound healing actions. Notably, in veterinary science, the constant practice of massive doses of antibiotics with inappropriate withdrawal programs led to a high risk of livestock-associated antimicrobial resistance. Therefore, the world faces tremendous pressure for designing and devising strategies to mitigate the use of antibiotics in animals and keep it safe for posterity. In this review, we illustrate the diversity of farm animal-specific AMPs, and their biochemical foundations, mode of action, and prospective application in clinics. Subsequently, we present the data for their systematic classification under the major and minor groups, antipathogenic action, and allied bioactivities in the host. Finally, we address the limitations of their clinical implementation and envision areas for further advancement.
抗菌肽（AMPs）是宿主固有防御系统的武器库，具有进化上保守的特征，几乎存在于所有生命形式中。近年来，抗生素耐药菌不断出现，而新抗生素的发现速度却很慢，这使得科学界必须努力寻找抗生素的替代品。对抗菌肽的鉴定研究已经产生了非常令人鼓舞的证据，表明它们能够抑制感染性疾病，并且作为新型生物制剂用作免疫治疗剂也很有用。作为固有物质，它们对宿主的细胞毒性最小，并具有广泛的生物活性，包括对微生物的低抗性和促进伤口愈合的作用。值得注意的是，在兽医学中，持续大量使用抗生素且停药方案不当导致家畜产生抗菌药物耐药性的风险很高。因此，世界面临着巨大的压力，需要设计和制定策略来减少动物抗生素的使用，并为后代确保其安全性。在这篇综述中，我们阐述了家畜特异性抗菌肽的多样性、它们的生化基础、作用方式以及在临床上的潜在应用。随后，我们展示了它们在主要和次要类别下的系统分类数据、抗病原作用以及在宿主体内的相关生物活性。最后，我们讨论了它们临床应用的局限性，并展望了进一步发展的领域。
