Tessema Zemenu Tadesse, Zeleke Tadele Amare
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
Department of Psychiatry School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
Trop Med Health. 2020 Dec 7;48(1):100. doi: 10.1186/s41182-020-00287-8.
Alcohol is a psychoactive substance that is widely consumed in the world. Alcohol use is one of the world's leading risk factors for disease and disability. It affects individuals' physical, mental, economic, and social issues. To our knowledge, there is limited study on alcohol consumption and associated factors. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the prevalence and predictors of alcohol use in Ethiopia by using the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey.
This study was based on the most recent Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey 2016. A total of 12,594 men at the age of 15 to 59 were included in this study. Considering the hierarchical nature of EDHS data, a multilevel logistic regression model was applied. The ICC, MOR, and the LR test were done to assess the presence of a significant clustering effect. Besides, deviance was used for model comparison since the models were nested models. Variables with a p value ≤ 0.2 in the bivariable analysis were considered for the multivariable analysis. In the multilevel logistic regression, the adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was reported to declare the strength and significance of the association between the dependent variable and independent variables.
The prevalence of alcohol drinking in this study was 46.64% with a 95% CI of 45.00 to 47.00%. Age groups 30-44 (AOR = 1.30, 95% CI 1.08, 1.56) and 45-59 (AOR = 1.38, 95% CI 1.10, 1.74), Orthodox religion follower (AOR = 0.36, 95% CI 0.24, 0.55), media exposure (AOR = 1.67, 95% CI 1.41, 2.20), khat chewing (AOR = 3.08, 95% CI 2.54, 3.74), smoking (AOR = 2.18, 95% CI 1.71, 2.79), having no occupation (AOR = 0.34, 95% CI 0.22, 0.51), and region were the predictors of alcohol use in Ethiopia.
Nearly half of the Ethiopian population reported alcohol use at least once in their lifetime. Old age, Orthodox religion followers, media exposure, khat chewing, smoking, and having no occupation were predictors of alcohol use in Ethiopia. Therefore, health education about the risk of alcohol used is highly recommended. In addition, khat chewing and smoking control mechanisms should be designed and given special attention. Advertising alcohol through media is better to be controlled. Job opportunities should also be created for those who have no occupation to mitigate alcohol use in Ethiopia.
酒精是一种精神活性物质，在全球被广泛饮用。饮酒是全球导致疾病和残疾的主要风险因素之一。它会影响个人的身体、心理、经济和社会问题。据我们所知，关于饮酒及其相关因素的研究有限。因此，本研究旨在利用2016年埃塞俄比亚人口与健康调查来确定埃塞俄比亚饮酒的患病率及其预测因素。
本研究基于最新的2016年埃塞俄比亚人口与健康调查。本研究共纳入了12594名年龄在15至59岁的男性。考虑到埃塞俄比亚人口与健康调查数据的分层性质，应用了多水平逻辑回归模型。进行了组内相关系数（ICC）、边际OR（MOR）和似然比（LR）检验以评估显著聚类效应的存在。此外，由于这些模型是嵌套模型，因此使用偏差进行模型比较。在双变量分析中p值≤0.2的变量被纳入多变量分析。在多水平逻辑回归中，报告了具有95%置信区间（CI）的调整优势比（AOR），以说明因变量与自变量之间关联的强度和显著性。
本研究中饮酒的患病率为46.64%，95%CI为45.00%至47.00%。30 - 44岁年龄组（AOR = 1.30，95%CI 1.08，1.56）和45 - 59岁年龄组（AOR = 1.38，95%CI 1.10，1.74）、东正教信徒（AOR = 0.36，95%CI 0.24，0.55）、媒体曝光（AOR = 1.67，95%CI 1.41，2.20）、恰特草咀嚼（AOR = 3.08，95%CI 2.54，3.74）、吸烟（AOR = 2.18，95%CI 1.71，2.79）、无业（AOR = 0.34，95%CI 0.22，0.51）以及地区是埃塞俄比亚饮酒的预测因素。
近一半的埃塞俄比亚人口报告称他们一生中至少饮酒一次。高龄、东正教信徒、媒体曝光、恰特草咀嚼、吸烟和无业是埃塞俄比亚饮酒的预测因素。因此，强烈建议开展关于饮酒风险的健康教育。此外，应设计恰特草咀嚼和吸烟控制机制并给予特别关注。最好控制通过媒体进行的酒精广告。还应为无业者创造就业机会，以减少埃塞俄比亚的饮酒现象。
