乌干达对饮酒的社会接受度。
Social acceptance of alcohol use in Uganda.
机构信息
Butabika National Referral Mental Hospital, Kampala, Uganda.
Health Systems Research Unit, South Africa Medical Research Council and Centre for Rural Health, School of Nursing and Public Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Cape Town, South Africa.
出版信息
BMC Psychiatry. 2020 Feb 7;20(1):52. doi: 10.1186/s12888-020-2471-2.
BACKGROUND
Alcohol use is part of many cultural, religious and social practices, and provides perceived pleasure to many users. In many societies, alcoholic beverages are a routine part of the social landscape for many in the population. Relatively low rates were reported for Alcohol Use Disorders (AUD) in a community-based survey and facility detection survey conducted in the study site contrary to findings in earlier formative studies where alcohol use was reported to be a major health problem. The aim of this study was to understand the reasons for under-reporting and the low detection rate for AUDs, exploring societal perceptions of alcohol use in the study district.
METHODS
The study was conducted in Kamuli District (implementation site for the PRIME project). Semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions were conducted with purposively selected participants that included local and religious leaders, lay people, health workers as well as heavy alcohol drinkers and their spouses. Interviews were tape-recorded and transcribed verbatim. The analysis followed four thematic areas, which include the extent and acceptability of alcohol use, patterns of alcohol use, perceived health problems associated with alcohol use and help-seeking behavior for persons with alcohol related problems.
RESULTS
The findings indicate that alcohol consumption in the study site was common and widely acceptable across all categories of people and only frowned upon if the person becomes a nuisance to others. These findings suggest that the health problems associated with alcohol use are overlooked except when they are life-threatening. Help-seeking for such problems was therefore reported to be relatively rare.
CONCLUSION
Alcohol was readily available in the community and its consumption widely acceptable, with less social sanctions despite the legal restrictions to the minors. The social acceptance results in low recognition of alcohol use related health problems, consequently resulting in poor help-seeking behavior.
背景
饮酒是许多文化、宗教和社会习俗的一部分，也能给许多使用者带来愉悦感。在许多社会中，酒精饮料是许多人群日常生活中的常规组成部分。在研究地点进行的基于社区的调查和机构发现调查报告显示，相对较低的酒精使用障碍（AUD）发病率与早期形成性研究的结果形成鲜明对比，早期研究报告称酒精使用是一个主要的健康问题。本研究旨在了解 AUD 低报告率和低检出率的原因，探讨研究地区社会对酒精使用的看法。
方法
本研究在卡穆利区（PRIME 项目实施地点）进行。采用目的性抽样选择参与者，包括地方和宗教领袖、普通民众、卫生工作者以及重度饮酒者及其配偶，进行半结构式访谈和焦点小组讨论。访谈进行录音，并逐字记录。分析遵循四个主题领域，包括酒精使用的程度和可接受性、酒精使用模式、与酒精使用相关的健康问题以及有酒精相关问题的人寻求帮助的行为。
结果
研究结果表明，研究地点的饮酒现象普遍存在，且在所有人群中都被广泛接受，仅当一个人对他人造成滋扰时才会受到指责。这些发现表明，与酒精使用相关的健康问题被忽视了，除非它们危及生命。因此，报告称寻求此类问题的帮助相对较少。
结论
社区中很容易获得酒精，其消费也被广泛接受，尽管对未成年人有法律限制，但社会制裁较少。社会对酒精的认可导致人们对与酒精使用相关的健康问题认识不足，从而导致寻求帮助的行为不佳。
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