Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
Department of Nutrition, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
Nutr Cancer. 2021;73(11-12):2796-2807. doi: 10.1080/01635581.2020.1862254. Epub 2020 Dec 23.
Several randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have investigated the effect of lycopene supplementation on serum levels of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in patients with prostate cancer. However, results have been inconclusive. We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, and Scopus up to January 2020 to find RCTs investigating the effect of lycopene supplementation on serum levels of PSA in patients with non-metastatic prostate cancer. Using a random-effects model, the reported risk estimates were pooled. A total of six trials were included in the final analysis. we found no significant effect of lycopene on circulating PSA (WMD: -0.60, 95% CI: -2.01, 0.81 µg/L). However, we observed a significant reducing effect when the analysis was confined to studies that included patients with higher baseline levels of PSA (≥6.5 µg/L) (WMD: -3.74 µg/L, 95% CI: -5.15, -2.32, < 0.001). Subgroup analysis based on the duration of intervention did not result in any significant effect. Non-linear dose-response analysis did not show any significant effects of lycopene dosage ( = 0.50) and duration of the intervention ( = 0.63) on serum levels of PSA. Although lycopene supplementation did not produce any reduction in PSA levels overall, a significant reducing effect was observed in patients with higher levels of baseline PSA. Due to the heterogeneity of our results, further high-quality clinical trials with long-term duration are required to determine the efficacy of lycopene in patients with non-metastatic prostate cancer.
几项随机对照试验（RCT）研究了番茄红素补充剂对前列腺癌患者血清前列腺特异性抗原（PSA）水平的影响。然而，结果尚无定论。我们系统地检索了 PubMed、Embase 和 Scopus，截至 2020 年 1 月，以寻找 RCT 研究番茄红素补充剂对非转移性前列腺癌患者血清 PSA 水平的影响。使用随机效应模型对报告的风险估计值进行了汇总。共有 6 项试验纳入最终分析。我们发现番茄红素对循环 PSA 没有显著影响（WMD：-0.60，95%CI：-2.01，0.81µg/L）。然而，当分析仅限于纳入基线 PSA 水平较高（≥6.5µg/L）患者的研究时，我们观察到显著的降低效果（WMD：-3.74µg/L，95%CI：-5.15，-2.32，<0.001）。基于干预持续时间的亚组分析没有产生任何显著效果。非线性剂量反应分析没有显示番茄红素剂量（=0.50）和干预持续时间（=0.63）对 PSA 血清水平有任何显著影响。尽管番茄红素补充剂总体上并未降低 PSA 水平，但在基线 PSA 水平较高的患者中观察到了显著的降低效果。由于我们的结果存在异质性，需要进一步开展具有长期随访的高质量临床试验，以确定番茄红素在非转移性前列腺癌患者中的疗效。
