The COVID-19 pandemic is having profound impacts worldwide. Immediate responses by actors across the research enterprise have instigated new and meaningful collaborations between government, universities, and companies, but have also significantly strained the resources and workforces of institutions struggling to adapt in a period of change and uncertainty. Challenges will likely persist in the long term, as shockwaves reverberate throughout the economy. Many changes could have a permanent impact on the research enterprise. From May through August 2020, the Government-University-Industry Research Roundtable (GUIRR) hosted a virtual workshop series on the health and resilience of the research enterprise in response to COVID-19. The workshops convened senior leaders and experts to understand the challenges created by the pandemic for research and to stimulate further dialogue on opportunities for cross-sector collaboration in the United States and globally. This publication briefly summarizes each workshop, grouped under three thematic areas: coping with economic uncertainty; considering security challenges; and mobilizing resources and transforming work environments.