R.E. Kavetsky Institute of Experimental Pathology, Oncology and Radiobiology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv 03022, Ukraine.
Exp Oncol. 2020 Dec;42(4):252-262. doi: 10.32471/exp-oncology.2312-8852.vol-42-no-4.15401.
The review presents modern ideas about tumor microenvironment, which most researchers recognize as the main "player" in tumor cell invasion, cell migration and metastasis. The current data on the main components of the stroma and the microenvironment, which play the role of the driving force in tumor progression, are analyzed. In particular, the review highlights the issues of origin, biological traits, phenotypic plasticity, functional heterogeneity of activated fibroblasts - myofibroblasts and tumor-associated fibroblasts, which in recent years have received much attention. Such components of the extracellular matrix proteome as collagen and matrix metalloproteinases are discussed in detail. They are mostly produced by activated fibroblasts and, on the one hand, initiate the development of desmoplasia due to type I collagen and, on the other hand, promote degradation of extracellular matrix proteins due to metalloproteinases, which generally leads to tissue remodeling that promotes tumor progression. Possibilities of using the most important indicators of extracellular matrix remodeling as potential markers and targets of clinical strategy are discussed.
该综述介绍了肿瘤微环境的现代观点，大多数研究人员认为肿瘤微环境是肿瘤细胞侵袭、细胞迁移和转移的主要“参与者”。分析了基质的主要成分和微环境的当前数据，它们在肿瘤进展中起着推动作用。特别是，该综述强调了近年来备受关注的起源、生物学特征、表型可塑性、激活成纤维细胞-肌成纤维细胞和肿瘤相关成纤维细胞的功能异质性等问题。详细讨论了细胞外基质蛋白质组的胶原和基质金属蛋白酶等成分。它们主要由激活的成纤维细胞产生，一方面由于 I 型胶原引发纤维组织增生的发生，另一方面由于金属蛋白酶促进细胞外基质蛋白的降解，这通常导致组织重塑，从而促进肿瘤的进展。讨论了将细胞外基质重塑的最重要指标用作潜在标志物和临床策略的靶标的可能性。
