Sue and Bill Gross School of Nursing, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA.
Betty Irene Moore School of Nursing, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA.
Nurs Forum. 2021 Apr;56(2):382-388. doi: 10.1111/nuf.12535. Epub 2020 Dec 23.
This analysis is meant to elucidate the concept of structural violence and its implications for nursing science and practice. The concept of structural violence, also known as indirect violence, was first identified in the literature by peace researcher Johan Galtung. According to Galtung, structural violence broadly represents harm done to persons and groups through inequitable social, political, or economic structures. Such inequitable structures, such as systemic discrimination based on race, ethnicity, religion, gender, sexual orientation, etc. create conditions within society that directly disadvantage and oppress members of certain groups. This oppression can inflict profound physical, psychological, and socioeconomic harm on individuals, leading to disparate health outcomes. Using techniques for developing conceptual meaning as outlined in Chinn and Kramer (2018), our analysis seeks to specify meanings and applications of structural violence for application to nursing. This analysis draws on literature from clinical, historical, and other social sciences. Databases including CINAHL, PubMed, JSTOR, and PsychInfo were explored for references to structural violence. Structural violence is readily identified in specific contexts where individuals or groups are disadvantaged by socially constructed systems, such as those of race, gender, and economic privilege. Structural violence can result in health disparities and the development of conditions that predispose individuals to health risks. Nurses must be familiar with the concept to address these issues with patients.
本分析旨在阐明结构暴力的概念及其对护理科学和实践的意义。结构暴力的概念，也被称为间接暴力，最早由和平研究者 Johan Galtung 在文献中提出。根据 Galtung 的观点，结构暴力广泛代表了不平等的社会、政治或经济结构对个人和群体造成的伤害。这种不平等的结构，如基于种族、民族、宗教、性别、性取向等的系统性歧视，在社会中创造了直接使某些群体处于不利和受压迫地位的条件。这种压迫会给个人带来深刻的身体、心理和社会经济伤害，导致不同的健康结果。我们使用 Chinn 和 Kramer（2018）中概述的发展概念意义的技术，旨在为护理应用指定结构暴力的意义和应用。本分析借鉴了临床、历史和其他社会科学的文献。我们在 CINAHL、PubMed、JSTOR 和 PsychInfo 等数据库中搜索了关于结构暴力的参考文献。在特定的背景下，很容易识别出结构暴力，例如个人或群体由于社会构建的系统（如种族、性别和经济特权）而处于不利地位。结构暴力会导致健康差距和使个人易患健康风险的条件的发展。护士必须熟悉这个概念，以便与患者一起解决这些问题。
