University of Alabama at Birmingham.
Workplace Health Saf. 2021 May;69(5):224-234. doi: 10.1177/2165079920971999. Epub 2020 Dec 24.
Intensive care unit (ICU) nurses are at an increased risk of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) due to their stressful work environment. Using the Walker and Avant conceptual analysis method, we sought to review the literature to better understand PTSD as it pertained to ICU nurses and its impact on their lives, patient care, and health care organizations.
For the review, we searched the Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), PubMed, and PsycINFO. The keyword searches included the terms "post-traumatic stress disorder" AND "psychological stress" AND "intensive care unit nurses." Abstract and full text reviews were conducted. Ten articles met our inclusion criteria of being published in the past 10 years (2010-2020), peer reviewed, written in English, and referred specifically to PTSD and psychological stress in ICU nurses.
Antecedents for PTSD in ICU nurses are their stressful work environment, where exposure to traumatic events is experienced, and a lack of support from their manager, coworkers, and organization. Defining attributes for ICU nurses with PTSD included reexperiencing, avoidance, negative alterations in cognition and mood, and hyperarousal. Consequences identified included burnout, job dissatisfaction, and the intention to leave their job. The conceptual definition of PTSD in ICU nurses was illustrated by the attributes, antecedents, consequences, model case, empirical referents, and by the negative impact on the nurse, patients, and the health care organization.
CONCLUSION/APPLICATION TO PRACTICE: Hospital administrators, nurse managers, and occupational health nurses should ensure that policies and interventions are in place to recognize and reduce the risk of PTSD among ICU nurses.
由于工作环境紧张，重症监护病房（ICU）护士患创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）的风险增加。我们采用 Walker 和 Avant 的概念分析方法，旨在通过文献回顾，深入了解与 ICU 护士相关的 PTSD 及其对他们生活、患者护理和医疗保健组织的影响。
为了进行综述，我们检索了 Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature（CINAHL）、PubMed 和 PsycINFO。关键词搜索包括“创伤后应激障碍”和“心理压力”和“重症监护病房护士”。我们进行了摘要和全文审查。符合纳入标准的 10 篇文章在过去 10 年内（2010-2020 年）发表，经过同行评审，用英文撰写，并特别提到 ICU 护士的 PTSD 和心理压力。
ICU 护士 PTSD 的前驱因素是他们的工作环境紧张，在这种环境中会经历创伤事件，并且得不到经理、同事和组织的支持。ICU 护士 PTSD 的定义属性包括再体验、回避、认知和情绪的负性改变以及过度警觉。确定的后果包括倦怠、工作不满和离职意向。ICU 护士 PTSD 的概念定义通过属性、前驱因素、后果、典型病例、经验参考以及对护士、患者和医疗保健组织的负面影响得到说明。
结论/对实践的应用：医院管理人员、护士长和职业健康护士应确保制定政策和干预措施，以识别和降低 ICU 护士 PTSD 的风险。
