Zhao Cunyue, Yu Mingguang, Wang Aijun, Xu Xiaofen, Zheng Xing
Department of Spine Surgery, Shandong Electric Power Central Hospital, Jinan, China.
Department of Medical Oncology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
BMC Nurs. 2023 Mar 22;22(1):78. doi: 10.1186/s12912-023-01242-8.
Medical personnel should be in close proximity and high frequency of contact with patients, and be exposed to physical, biological and chemical risk factors for a long time. The incidence of various occupational exposures is high. however, there is still a lack of the medical staff Occupational Protection Core Competence Evaluation Index system with high reliability and validity.
Based on the theory of knowledge, attitude, and practice, the evaluation system of occupational protection ability of medical personnel was established, and the current situation of occupational protection ability of medical personnel at different levels was investigated, so as to take targeted training and intervention measures to improve the occupational protection ability of medical personnel and reduce the incidence of occupational exposure.
Based on the knowledge, attitude, and practice theory, the index system of occupational protection core competence of medical personnel was initially constructed by literature retrieval, expert consultation, group discussion, semi-structured interview and other qualitative and quantitative methods, and the reliability and validity of the index system was tested by Delphi expert consultation method. By convenient cluster sampling method, from March to September 2021, the current status of occupational protection core competence of medical personnel was investigated among medical staff from one Class III Grade A hospital and two medical schools in Jinan City, Shandong Province, China.
The evaluation system for medical staff's occupational protection ability included 3 first-level indexes, 11 second-level indexes, and 109 third-level indexes. A total of 684 valid questionnaires were collected from Grade III, Class A hospital medical staff and two medical school students in clinical practice in Shandong, China. Kruskal Walls test showed that there were significant differences in the overall distribution of occupational protection knowledge, attitude, and practice among registered nurses, nursing students, registered physicians, and physician students (H = 70.252, P < 0.001; H = 76.507, P < 0.001; H = 80.782, P < 0.001); there were statistical significance in the knowledge/ attitude/ practice of nursing and physician students at different levels (H = 33.733, P < 0.001; H = 29.158, P < 0.001; H = 28.740, P < 0.001).
The results of the evaluation system for the medical staff's occupational protection ability are reliable and can provide a reference for training the medical staff's occupational protection ability. Managers should strengthen the training of theoretical knowledge of occupational protection ability of medical staff.
医务人员需与患者近距离、高频次接触，长期暴露于物理、生物和化学危险因素中。各类职业暴露发生率较高。然而，目前仍缺乏具有高信效度的医务人员职业防护核心能力评价指标体系。
基于知信行理论，构建医务人员职业防护能力评价体系，调查不同层级医务人员职业防护能力现状，采取针对性培训及干预措施，以提高医务人员职业防护能力，降低职业暴露发生率。
基于知信行理论，通过文献检索、专家咨询、小组讨论、半结构式访谈等定性与定量方法，初步构建医务人员职业防护核心能力指标体系，并采用德尔菲专家咨询法对指标体系的信效度进行检验。采用方便整群抽样法，于2021年3月至9月，对山东省济南市某三甲医院及两所医学院校的医务人员进行医务人员职业防护核心能力现状调查。
医务人员职业防护能力评价体系包括3个一级指标、11个二级指标和109个三级指标。共收集到来自山东某三甲医院医务人员及两所医学院校临床实习学生的有效问卷684份。Kruskal Walls检验结果显示，注册护士、护理专业学生、注册医师和医师专业学生在职业防护知识、态度和行为的总体分布上存在显著差异（H = 70.252，P < 0.001；H = 76.507，P < 0.001；H = 80.782，P < 0.001）；不同层级护理和医师专业学生在知识/态度/行为方面存在统计学意义（H = 33.733，P < 0.001；H = 29.158，P < 0.001；H = 28.740，P < 0.001）。
医务人员职业防护能力评价体系结果可靠，可为医务人员职业防护能力培训提供参考。管理者应加强医务人员职业防护能力理论知识培训。
