Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti PutraMalaysia, Serdang, Selangor (Darul Ehsan), Malaysia; Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.
Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti PutraMalaysia, Serdang, Selangor (Darul Ehsan), Malaysia.
Bosn J Basic Med Sci. 2021 Aug 1;21(4):422-433. doi: 10.17305/bjbms.2020.5181.
Among the popular animal models of Parkinson's disease (PD) commonly used in research are those that employ neurotoxins, especially 1-methyl- 4-phenyl-1, 2, 3, 6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). This neurotoxin exerts it neurotoxicity by causing a barrage of insults, such as oxidative stress, mitochondrial apoptosis, inflammation, excitotoxicity, and formation of inclusion bodies acting singly and in concert, ultimately leading to dopaminergic neuronal damage in the substantia nigra pars compacta and striatum. The selective neurotoxicity induced by MPTP in the nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons of the mouse brain has led to new perspectives on PD. For decades, the MPTP-induced mouse model of PD has been the gold standard in PD research even though it does not fully recapitulate PD symptomatology, but it does have the advantages of simplicity, practicability, affordability, and fewer ethical considerations and greater clinical correlation than those of other toxin models of PD. The model has rejuvenated PD research and opened new frontiers in the quest for more novel therapeutic and adjuvant agents for PD. Hence, this review summarizes the role of MPTP in producing Parkinson-like symptoms in mice and the experimental role of the MPTP-induced mouse model. We discussed recent developments of more promising PD therapeutics to enrich our existing knowledge about this neurotoxin using this model.
在用于研究的常见帕金森病 (PD) 动物模型中，有使用神经毒素的模型，特别是 1-甲基-4-苯基-1,2,3,6-四氢吡啶 (MPTP)。这种神经毒素通过引起一连串的攻击，如氧化应激、线粒体凋亡、炎症、兴奋毒性和包含物的形成，单独或协同作用，最终导致黑质致密部和纹状体中的多巴胺能神经元损伤。MPTP 对小鼠大脑黑质纹状体多巴胺能神经元的选择性神经毒性导致了对 PD 的新观点。几十年来，MPTP 诱导的 PD 小鼠模型一直是 PD 研究的金标准，尽管它不能完全再现 PD 症状，但它具有简单、实用、经济实惠以及比其他 PD 毒素模型更少的伦理考虑和更大的临床相关性的优点。该模型重振了 PD 研究，并为 PD 的新型治疗和辅助药物的研究开辟了新的领域。因此，本综述总结了 MPTP 在产生小鼠帕金森样症状中的作用以及 MPTP 诱导的小鼠模型的实验作用。我们讨论了最近更有前途的 PD 治疗方法的发展，以使用该模型丰富我们对这种神经毒素的现有知识。
