Domingos C, Pêgo J M, Santos N C
Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal; iCognitus4ALL - IT Solutions, Braga, Portugal; Clinical Academic Center-Braga (2CA-B), Braga, Portugal.
Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal; Clinical Academic Center-Braga (2CA-B), Braga, Portugal; Associação Centro de Medicina Digital P5 (ACMP5), Braga, Portugal.
Behav Brain Res. 2021 Mar 26;402:113061. doi: 10.1016/j.bbr.2020.113061. Epub 2020 Dec 24.
Despite increasing evidence that physical activity (PA) contributes to brain health in older individuals, both at the level of brain structure and function, this relationship is not yet well established. To explore this potential association, a systematic literature search was performed using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, adhering to PRISMA guidelines. A total of 32 studies met the eligibility criteria: 24 cross-sectional and 8 longitudinal. Results from structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) showed that PA associated with larger brain volumes (less brain atrophy) specifically in brain regions vulnerable to dementia, comprising the hippocampus, temporal, and frontal regions. Furthermore, functional MRI (fMRI) showed greater task-relevant activity in brain areas recruited in executive function and memory tasks. However, the dose-response relationship is unclear due to the high variability in PA measures. Further research using objective measures is needed to better understand which PA type, intensity, frequency, and duration, has the greatest protective effect on brain health. Findings highlight the importance of PA in both cognitive decline and dementia prevention.
尽管越来越多的证据表明，体育活动（PA）对老年人的大脑健康有促进作用，无论是在大脑结构还是功能层面，但这种关系尚未完全确立。为了探究这种潜在关联，我们遵循PRISMA指南，使用PubMed、Scopus和Web of Science进行了系统的文献检索。共有32项研究符合纳入标准：24项横断面研究和8项纵向研究。结构磁共振成像（MRI）结果显示，体育活动与更大的脑容量（更少的脑萎缩）相关，特别是在易患痴呆症的脑区，包括海马体、颞叶和额叶区域。此外，功能磁共振成像（fMRI）显示，在执行功能和记忆任务中所涉及的脑区，与任务相关的活动更强。然而，由于体育活动测量方法的高度变异性，剂量反应关系尚不清楚。需要采用客观测量方法进行进一步研究，以更好地了解哪种体育活动类型、强度、频率和持续时间对大脑健康具有最大的保护作用。研究结果突出了体育活动在认知衰退和痴呆症预防方面的重要性。
