Physical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cadiz, Campus of International Excellence of the Sea (CEI·MAR), Cádiz 11510, Spain.
Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Institute of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Working Group Hydrogeology and Landscape Hydrology, D-26111 Oldenburg, Germany.
Sci Total Environ. 2021 Mar 25;762:144102. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144102. Epub 2020 Dec 15.
In this study, laboratory column experiments under water saturated conditions were conducted for over 35 days to investigate the transport of nine pharmaceuticals (nadolol, sulfamethizole, sulfamethoxazole, sulfamethoxypyridazine, carbamazepine, ibuprofen, diclofenac, hydrochlorothiazide, and gemfibrozil) and four artificial sweeteners (acesulfame, saccharin, cyclamate, and sucralose) in two soils (S and C) with similar organic carbon content (between 0.8 and 1.1%) and pH (7.90 and 7.25) but different texture (58.3 and 85.5% of silt+clay, respectively). Ibuprofen and artificial sweeteners reached maximum concentrations at the outlet of the columns and showed a homogenous vertical profile in the aqueous phase, with the same concentration in all sampling ports under flow percolation conditions. Regarding carbamazepine and hydrochlorothiazide, apparent retardation was observed for both and was attributed to sorption. Nadolol, a positively charged beta-blocker, did not show any apparent breakthrough. After 35 days, the columns were washed using tap water for over one week. Soils were then analyzed at different depths and vertical concentration profiles were plotted. Overall, highest concentrations were measured in the top most layers for contaminants in the soil column with higher clay content (C), whereas vertical profiles were more uniform in that with lower clay content (S).
在这项研究中，进行了超过 35 天的水饱和条件下的实验室柱实验，以研究 9 种药物（纳多洛尔、磺胺甲恶唑、磺胺甲恶唑、磺胺二甲嘧啶、卡马西平、布洛芬、双氯芬酸、氢氯噻嗪和吉非贝齐）和 4 种人工甜味剂（乙酰磺胺酸钾、糖精、环己烷氨基磺酸钠和三氯蔗糖）在两种具有相似有机碳含量（0.8%至 1.1%）和 pH 值（7.90 和 7.25）但质地不同（分别为 58.3%和 85.5%的粉土+粘土）的土壤中的运移。布洛芬和人工甜味剂在柱出口处达到最大浓度，并在水相中有均匀的垂直分布，在流动渗滤条件下所有采样口的浓度相同。对于卡马西平和氢氯噻嗪，两者都观察到明显的滞后，这归因于吸附。具有正电荷的β受体阻滞剂纳多洛尔没有表现出任何明显的突破。35 天后，用自来水冲洗柱子超过一周。然后分析不同深度的土壤，并绘制垂直浓度分布曲线。总体而言，在粘土含量较高的土壤柱中（C），污染物的最高浓度出现在最顶层，而在粘土含量较低的土壤中（S），垂直分布则更为均匀。
