Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Dept. of Soil Science and Soil Protection, Kamýcká 129, 16521 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, CZ-389 25 Vodňany, Czech Republic.
Sci Total Environ. 2015 Apr 1;511:435-43. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.12.088. Epub 2015 Jan 5.
Transport of human and veterinary pharmaceuticals in soils and consequent ground-water contamination are influenced by many factors, including compound sorption on soil particles. Here we evaluate the sorption isotherms for 7 pharmaceuticals on 13 soils, described by Freundlich equations, and assess the impact of soil properties on various pharmaceuticals' sorption on soils. Sorption of ionizable pharmaceuticals was, in many cases, highly affected by soil pH. The sorption coefficient of sulfamethoxazole was negatively correlated to soil pH, and thus positively related to hydrolytic acidity and exchangeable acidity. Sorption coefficients for clindamycin and clarithromycin were positively related to soil pH and thus negatively related to hydrolytic acidity and exchangeable acidity, and positively related to base cation saturation. The sorption coefficients for the remaining pharmaceuticals (trimethoprim, metoprolol, atenolol, and carbamazepine) were also positively correlated with the base cation saturation and cation exchange capacity. Positive correlations between sorption coefficients and clay content were found for clindamycin, clarithromycin, atenolol, and metoprolol. Positive correlations between sorption coefficients and organic carbon content were obtained for trimethoprim and carbamazepine. Pedotransfer rules for predicting sorption coefficients of various pharmaceuticals included hydrolytic acidity (sulfamethoxazole), organic carbon content (trimethoprimand carbamazepine), base cation saturation (atenolol and metoprolol), exchangeable acidity and clay content (clindamycin), and soil active pH and clay content (clarithromycin). Pedotransfer rules, predicting the Freundlich sorption coefficients, could be applied for prediction of pharmaceutical mobility in soils with similar soil properties. Predicted sorption coefficients together with pharmaceutical half-lives and other imputes (e.g., soil-hydraulic, geological, hydro-geological, climatic) may be used for assessing potential ground-water contamination.
人类和兽医药品在土壤中的迁移以及随之对地下水的污染受到许多因素的影响，包括化合物在土壤颗粒上的吸附。在这里，我们评估了 13 种土壤对 7 种药物的吸附等温线，这些等温线由弗伦德利希方程描述，并评估了土壤性质对各种药物在土壤中吸附的影响。在许多情况下，可电离药物的吸附受土壤 pH 值的影响很大。磺胺甲恶唑的吸附系数与土壤 pH 值呈负相关，与水解酸度和可交换酸度呈正相关。克林霉素和克拉霉素的吸附系数与土壤 pH 值呈正相关，与水解酸度和可交换酸度呈负相关，与碱基阳离子饱和度呈正相关。其余药物（甲氧苄啶、美托洛尔、阿替洛尔和卡马西平）的吸附系数也与碱基阳离子饱和度和阳离子交换量呈正相关。克林霉素、克拉霉素、阿替洛尔和美托洛尔的吸附系数与粘粒含量呈正相关。甲氧苄啶和卡马西平的吸附系数与有机碳含量呈正相关。用于预测各种药物吸附系数的土壤转移规则包括水解酸度（磺胺甲恶唑）、有机碳含量（甲氧苄啶和卡马西平）、碱基阳离子饱和度（阿替洛尔和美托洛尔）、可交换酸度和粘粒含量（克林霉素）以及土壤有效 pH 值和粘粒含量（克拉霉素）。用于预测药物在具有相似土壤性质的土壤中迁移能力的土壤转移规则，可用于预测药物在土壤中的迁移能力。预测的吸附系数以及药物半衰期和其他输入（例如土壤水力、地质、水文地质、气候）可用于评估潜在的地下水污染。
