Li Hui, Hsueh Yeh, Yu Haoxue, Kitzmann Katherine M
Department of Preschool Education, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China.
Department of Counseling, Educational Psychology and Research, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, United States.
Front Psychol. 2020 Dec 11;11:583174. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.583174. eCollection 2020.
Three experiments were conducted to test whether watching an animated show with frequent fantastical events decreased Chinese preschoolers' post-viewing executive function (EF), and to test possible mechanisms of this effect. In all three experiments, children were randomly assigned to watch a video with either frequent or infrequent fantastical events; their EF was immediately assessed after viewing, using behavioral measures of working memory, sustained attention, and cognitive flexibility. Parents completed a questionnaire to assess preschoolers' hyperactivity level as a potential confounding variable. In Experiment 1 ( = 90), which also included a control group, there was an immediate negative effect of watching frequent fantastical events, as seen in lower scores on the behavioral EF tasks. In Experiment 2 ( = 20), eye tracking data showed more but shorter eye fixations in the high frequency group, suggesting a higher demand on cognitive resources; this group also did more poorly on behavioral measures of EF. In Experiment 3 ( = 20), functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) data showed that the high frequency group had a higher concentration of oxygenated hemoglobin (Coxy-Hb), an indicator of higher brain activation consistent with a greater use of cognitive resources; this group also had lower scores on the behavioral EF tasks. The findings are discussed in reference to models of limited cognitive resources.
我们进行了三项实验，以测试观看一部包含频繁奇幻情节的动画片是否会降低中国学龄前儿童观看后的执行功能（EF），并测试这种影响可能的机制。在所有三项实验中，孩子们被随机分配观看一部包含频繁或不频繁奇幻情节的视频；观看后，立即使用工作记忆、持续注意力和认知灵活性的行为测量方法对他们的执行功能进行评估。家长们填写了一份问卷，以评估学龄前儿童的多动水平，将其作为一个潜在的混杂变量。在实验1（n = 90）中，该实验还包括一个对照组，观看频繁奇幻情节产生了即时负面影响，这在执行功能行为任务的较低分数中可见。在实验2（n = 20）中，眼动追踪数据显示高频组的眼注视更多但更短，这表明对认知资源的需求更高；该组在执行功能的行为测量中表现也更差。在实验3（n = 20）中，功能近红外光谱（fNIRS）数据显示高频组有更高浓度的氧合血红蛋白（Coxy-Hb），这是大脑更高激活的一个指标，与更多地使用认知资源一致；该组在执行功能行为任务中的得分也更低。我们将参考有限认知资源模型来讨论这些发现。
