Li Hui, Liu Tao, Woolley Jacqueline D, Zhang Peng
School of Education, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China.
School of Management, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
Front Hum Neurosci. 2019 Dec 20;13:444. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2019.00444. eCollection 2019.
The present study aimed to examine neural mechanisms underlying the ability to differentiate reality from fantasy. Using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), we measured prefrontal activations in children and adults while they performed a reality judgment task. Participants' task was to judge the reality status of events in fantastical and realistic videos. Behavioral data revealed that, although there was no accuracy difference, children showed significantly longer reaction times in making the judgments than did adults. The fNIRS data consistently revealed higher prefrontal activations in children than in adults when watching the videos and judging the reality of the events. These results suggest that when making judgments of event reality, children may require more cognitive resources and also mainly rely on their own personal experiences.
本研究旨在探究区分现实与幻想能力背后的神经机制。我们使用功能近红外光谱技术（fNIRS），在儿童和成人执行现实判断任务时测量他们前额叶的激活情况。参与者的任务是判断奇幻视频和现实视频中事件的现实状态。行为数据显示，尽管在准确性上没有差异，但儿童做出判断的反应时间比成人显著更长。fNIRS数据一致显示，在观看视频并判断事件的现实情况时，儿童前额叶的激活程度高于成人。这些结果表明，在判断事件的现实情况时，儿童可能需要更多的认知资源，并且主要依赖于他们自己的个人经历。
