Ribeiro Igor Daniel Alves, Volpiano Camila Gazolla, Vargas Luciano Kayser, Granada Camille Eichelberger, Lisboa Bruno Brito, Passaglia Luciane Maria Pereira
Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
Laboratório de Microbiologia Agrícola, Departamento de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa Agropecuária, Secretaria Estadual da Agricultura, Pecuária e Desenvolvimento Rural, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
Front Plant Sci. 2020 Dec 11;11:590774. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2020.590774. eCollection 2020.
Rock powders are low-cost potential sources of most of the nutrients required by higher plants for growth and development. However, slow dissolution rates of minerals represent an obstacle to the widespread use of rock powders in agriculture. Rhizosphere processes and biological weathering may further enhance mineral dissolution since the interaction between minerals, plants, and bacteria results in the release of macro- and micronutrients into the soil solution. Plants are important agents in this process acting directly in the mineral dissolution or sustaining a wide diversity of weathering microorganisms in the root environment. Meanwhile, root microorganisms promote mineral dissolution by producing complexing ligands (siderophores and organic acids), affecting the pH (via organic or inorganic acid production), or performing redox reactions. Besides that, a wide variety of rhizosphere bacteria and fungi could also promote plant development directly, synergistically contributing to the weathering activity performed by plants. The inoculation of weathering bacteria in soil or plants, especially combined with the use of crushed rocks, can increase soil fertility and improve crop production. This approach is more sustainable than conventional fertilization practices, which may contribute to reducing climate change linked to agricultural activity. Besides, it could decrease the dependency of developing countries on imported fertilizers, thus improving local development.
岩粉是高等植物生长和发育所需的大多数养分的低成本潜在来源。然而，矿物质的缓慢溶解速率是岩粉在农业中广泛应用的一个障碍。根际过程和生物风化可能会进一步促进矿物质溶解，因为矿物质、植物和细菌之间的相互作用会导致大量和微量养分释放到土壤溶液中。植物是这一过程中的重要因素，直接作用于矿物质溶解或维持根际环境中多种多样的风化微生物。同时，根际微生物通过产生络合配体（铁载体和有机酸）、影响pH值（通过产生有机或无机酸）或进行氧化还原反应来促进矿物质溶解。除此之外，各种各样的根际细菌和真菌也可以直接促进植物生长，协同促进植物进行的风化活动。在土壤或植物中接种风化细菌，特别是与使用碎石相结合，可以提高土壤肥力并改善作物产量。这种方法比传统施肥做法更具可持续性，传统施肥做法可能会加剧与农业活动相关的气候变化。此外，它可以减少发展中国家对进口肥料的依赖，从而促进当地发展。
